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海相油气地质 >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 1: 41 - 58

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.01.004

沉积·储层

伊拉克东南部白垩系塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶生物碎屑灰岩层序研究进展

  • 李峰峰 ,
  • 任立新 ,
  • 李蕾 ,
  • 万洋 ,
  • 陈昊卫
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  • 中国石油勘探开发研究院
李蕾，工程师，主要从事储层开发地质方面的研究工作。通信地址：100083 北京市海淀区学院路20号；E-mail:

李峰峰，高级工程师，主要从事碳酸盐岩沉积与储层研究。通信地址：100083 北京市海淀区学院路20号；E-mail:

Editor: 董庸

收稿日期: 2024-04-15

  修回日期: 2024-08-19

  网络出版日期: 2025-05-13

基金资助

中国石油科技重大专项课题“巨厚碳酸盐岩油藏注水开发关键技术研究与应用”(2023ZZ19-01)

“ALBION碳酸盐岩储层联合研究”(2021DQ0407)

收起

Research progress on the bioclastic limestone sequence of Cretaceous Cenomanian-Lower Turonian in southeastern Iraq

  • LI Fengfeng ,
  • REN Lixin ,
  • LI Lei ,
  • WAN Yang ,
  • CHEN Haowei
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  • Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development
LI Lei, Engineer, mainly engaged in reservoir development geology. Add: No. 20 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail:

LI Fengfeng, Senior Engineer, mainly engaged in carbonate sedimentology and reservoir geology of carbonate rocks. Add: No. 20 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail:

Received date: 2024-04-15

  Revised date: 2024-08-19

  Online published: 2025-05-13

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摘要

伊拉克东南部白垩系塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶发育巨厚生物碎屑灰岩，地层结构复杂，不同级次层序嵌套。以6个巨型碳酸盐岩油田为例，对其层序地层特征、沉积演化及控储机制进行了分析讨论：梳理了前人关于塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶层序划分的方案，采用了将其划分为4个三级层序的方案；分析总结了不整合面、淋滤溶蚀面、碳质泥岩层、沉积相转换面、沉积相突变面、最大海泛面及硬底等关键层序界面的形成机理和特征；应用适用的层序地层学理论和方法，基于塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶浅水沉积背景，建立碳酸盐缓坡-弱镶边台地层序旋回模式；揭示层序旋回与沉积演化的规律，阐明层序控储机制，厘清层序级次和层序界面对生物碎屑灰岩储层的控制，明确了海平面下降幅度、地层暴露时间和气候条件对地层结构、岩性和物性的影响。最后，指出伊拉克东南部塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶层序旋回研究存在的问题和发展趋势。研究成果为中东巨厚生物碎屑灰岩油藏分层系注水开发提供了参考依据。

关键词： 生物碎屑灰岩; 层序; 沉积演化; 层序控储; 塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶; 伊拉克东南部

本文引用格式

李峰峰 , 任立新 , 李蕾 , 万洋 , 陈昊卫 . 伊拉克东南部白垩系塞诺曼阶—下土伦阶生物碎屑灰岩层序研究进展[J]. 海相油气地质, 2025 , 30(1) : 41 -58 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.01.004

Abstract

The Cenomanian-Lower Turonian in southeastern Iraq is characterized by thick bioclastic limestone, with complex stratigraphic structure and nested sequences of different levels. The sequence recognition is important for stratigraphic division and reservoir correlation. Thick bioclastic limestone reservoir is commonly developed by separated waterflooding, and the study of sequences can lay a geological foundation for the division of development units. Taking six giant oilfields as example, all of which developed thick bioclastic limestone as main pay formations in the Cenomanian-Lower Turonian, the sequence schemes of Cenomanian-Lower Turonian are summarized. This paper adopts the scheme of dividing the Cenomanian-Lower Turonian into four of a third-order sequence corresponding to the four maximum flooding surface (K120, K130, K135, and K140). Mechanisms and characteristics of key sequence boundary such as unconformities, leaching and dissolution, thin carbonaceous mudstone, facies transition, facies mutation, maximum flooding surface, and hardground are summarized. Southeastern Iraq is located in the northeastern margin of the Arabian Plate, and during the Cenomanian-Early Turonian it is in a stable passive continental margin environment. This paper uses the quadratic model of classical stratigraphy to study the sequences of thick bioclastic limestone. According to the sequence theory, the sequence model of slightly rimmed carbonate ramp is established based on the depositional setting of Cenomanian-Lower Turonian. Different paleogeographic locations have different water depths during the process of sea-level rise and fall, so carbonate deposition rates and petrological features have different sensitivities to sea-level changes at different location. The water background and paleogeography control the sedimentation of different oilfields in southeastern Iraq. The sequence and depositional evolution are therefore revealed. Through elucidating the mechanism of sequence, and the effects of sequence order and sequence boundary on bioclastic limestone reservoirs are clarified. The effects of sea-level fall magnitude, exposure span and climate on formation structure, lithology and physical properties are illustrated. Typically, the high-order sequences boundary exposes for a long time, and the stratigraphy is weathered to a high degree. In arid climates, soilization and breccia collapse occur, and an unconformable surface can be formed, which is not conducive to improve the physical properties of the reservoir. In humid climates, large-scale leaching and dissolution occur, or thin carbonaceous mudstone can be formed locally. The exposure time of the low-order sequences boundary is short, and the leaching and dissolution occurs without destroying the strata structure, which can form high-quality reservoirs. Finally, problems and development trend in the sequence study of Cenomanian-Early Turonian in southeastern Iraq are pointed out, providing a reference for the separated waterflooding development of thick bioclastic limestone reservoir.

Key words： bioclastic limestone; sequence; sedimentary evolution; sequence control reservoir; Cenomanian-Lower Turonian; southeastern Iraq

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CHANG Jia, CHEN Shiyue, WANG Qiong, et al. Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation of barrier coastal system under epicontinental-sea environment: a case study of the Late Paleozoic Taiyuan Formation in Bohai Bay Area[J]. Coal geology & exploration, 2021, 49(4): 123-133.

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