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海相油气地质 >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 2: 167 - 176

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.02.007

勘探技术

库车坳陷白垩系沉积前古地貌及对沉积的控制作用

  • 莫涛 , 1, 2 ,
  • 王珂 , 3 ,
  • 王俊鹏 3 ,
  • 金文正 4
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  • 1 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院
  • 2 中国石油集团超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心
  • 3 中国石油杭州地质研究院
  • 4 中国地质大学（北京）能源学院
王珂，博士，高级工程师，主要从事储层地质研究工作。通信地址：310023 浙江省杭州市西湖区西溪路920号；E-mail:

莫涛，高级工程师，主要从事库车山前沉积、储层与成藏研究工作。通信地址：841000 新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市石化大道26号； E-mail:

Copy editor: 董庸

收稿日期: 2024-09-23

  修回日期: 2024-11-18

  网络出版日期: 2025-05-13

基金资助

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目“环青藏高原盆山体系动力学与天然气富集机理”(U22B600002)

中国石油天然气集团有限公司基础性前瞻性重大科技专项“叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏与保持机制研究”(2023ZZ02)

收起

Pre-Cretaceous paleogeomorphology and its control effect on sedimentation in Kuqa Depression

  • MO Tao , 1, 2 ,
  • WANG Ke , 3 ,
  • WANG Junpeng 3 ,
  • JIN Wenzheng 4
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  • 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company
  • 2. Exploration and Development Technology Research and Development Center for Ultra Deep Complex Oil and Gas Reservoirs, CNPC
  • 3. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology
  • 4. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing
WANG Ke, PhD, Senior Engineer, mainly engaged in reservoir geology. Add: No. 920 Xixi Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China. E-mail:

MO Tao,Senior Engineer, mainly engaged in sedimentology， reservoir geology and petroleum accumulation of Kuqa foreland basin. Add: No. 26 Shihua Avenue, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China. E-mail:

Received date: 2024-09-23

  Revised date: 2024-11-18

  Online published: 2025-05-13

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摘要

在完成16条南北向地质剖面的平衡剖面构造复原的基础上，恢复塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系沉积前古地貌并分析了古地貌对沉积的控制作用。首先根据平衡剖面构造缩短量的计算，推算出库车坳陷白垩系沉积前古盆地的北部边界；然后根据恢复后的白垩系厚度数据，绘制了库车坳陷白垩系沉积前古地貌；最后根据恢复后的侏罗纪末期平衡剖面编制库车坳陷侏罗纪末期古地质图，并分析了古地貌对沉积的控制作用。结果表明：①库车坳陷南北向地质剖面自白垩纪早期至今的构造缩短量介于3.74~26.02 km，构造缩短率介于3.76%~24.74%，构造变形量主要集中在南天山的山前地区。根据地质剖面与构造走向法线的夹角计算出，盆地现今边界与白垩系沉积前的边界相比向南推移了最小3.70 km，最大25.19 km。②白垩系沉积前古地貌具有隆坳相间的特征，自西至东依次分为温宿凸起区、拜城低凸起区、中心沉降区、阳霞斜坡区和阳东低凸起区。这与侏罗纪末期库车坳陷南北两侧的不均匀构造挤压应力以及内部沉积地层岩性差异密切相关。③古地貌控制库车坳陷下白垩统亚格列木组发育南北两套沉积体系。北部沉积体系在坳陷东西两侧为扇三角洲，在坳陷中部为辫状河三角洲；南部沉积体系发育小型近源扇三角洲。

关键词： 古地貌; 平衡剖面; 去压实校正; 沉积体系; 白垩系; 库车坳陷

本文引用格式

莫涛 , 王珂 , 王俊鹏 , 金文正 . 库车坳陷白垩系沉积前古地貌及对沉积的控制作用[J]. 海相油气地质, 2025 , 30(2) : 167 -176 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.02.007

Abstract

Paleogeomorphology plays an important controlling role in the spatial distribution characteristics of sedimentation. Based on the structural restoration of 16 typical north-south geological profiles by using balanced cross-section techniques, the pre-Cretaceous paleogeomorphology in Kuqa Depression has been reconstructed, and its control effect on sedimentation has been analyzed. Firstly, based on the calculation of the shortening amount of the balanced profile, the northern boundary of the pre-Cretaceous sedimentary basin in Kuqa Depression is calculated. Then, based on the restored thickness data of the Cretaceous stratum, the pre-Cretaceous paleogeomorphology of Kuqa Depression is mapped. Finally, a paleogeological map of the Kuqa Depression at the end of the Jurassic is compiled based on the restored balanced profile, and the controlling effect of paleogeomorphology on sedimentation is analyzed. The results show that: (1) The north-south geological profile of the Kuqa Depression has a structural shortening amount ranging from 3.74 to 26.02 km since the Early Cretaceous, with a structural shortening rate ranging from 3.76% to 24.74%. The structural deformation is mainly concentrated in the mountainous areas of the southern Tianshan Mountains. Based on the calculation according to the angle between the geological profile and the normal to the structural strike, the current basin boundary has shifted southwards by a minimum of 3.70 km and a maximum of 25.19 km compared to the pre-Cretaceous boundary. (2) The pre-Cretaceous paleogeomorphology is characterized by alternating uplift and depression, which can be divided into Wensu uplift, Baicheng low uplift, central subsidence area, Yangxia slope, and Yangdong low uplift from west to east. The uneven structural compression stress on the north and south sides of the Kuqa Depression, as well as the lithological differences in the internal sedimentary strata, led to the occurrence of east-west zoning characteristics of paleogeomorphology. (3) Paleogeomorphology controls the development of two sets of sedimentary systems in the Early Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Kuqa Depression. The northern sedimentary system develops fan delta on the east and west sides of the depression, and braided river delta in the middle of the depression. In the northern sedimentary system, the Kelasu structural belt is the favorable development area of structural hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the Yiqikelike structural belt and Yangxia sag are the favorable development areas of stratigraphic-lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs. The southern sedimentary system develops mainly small near-source fan deltas, and stratigraphic lithologic reservoirs.

Key words： paleogeomorphology; balanced profile; decompaction correction; depositional system; Cretaceous; Kuqa Depression

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