随着三大海相克拉通盆地油气勘探不断向超深层、古老层系拓展，面临着有利勘探区带不明确的问题，亟需深化重点时期沉积模式的研究。对三大盆地新元古界—古生界构造-沉积差异演化特征进行总结，分析了构造分异对沉积演化的控制作用，指出三大古老海相克拉通盆地“裂—坳—隆”构造分异控制碳酸盐台地经历“孤立台地—缓坡—镶边”演化旋回，裂陷的形成和演化控制了台地沉积分异及纵向上源储盖组合的相似性。建立了4类碳酸盐沉积新模式：①“多类台缘”和“双滩”缓坡沉积模式揭示大陆边缘和裂陷边缘、坳陷边缘、内缓坡相带中古隆起和潟湖周缘是有利丘滩体发育区；②碳酸盐岩与膏盐岩组合体系沉积模式揭示海侵期古隆起周缘是有利滩体发育区；③四川盆地灯影组断阶型台缘沉积模式揭示多组同沉积断裂控制灯二段阶梯状台缘形成，断块高部位发育厚层丘滩体；④塔里木盆地寒武系持续扩展型台缘沉积模式揭示轮南—富满地区台缘带经历了富泥质缓坡→低角度前积缓坡—弱镶边台地→垂向加积镶边台地→侧向前积镶边台地的演化。沉积模式新认识明确了三大古老海相克拉通盆地的古裂陷周缘丘滩带依然是增储上产和资源接替的重要领域，斜坡相重力流沉积、蒸发潟湖相泥灰岩等新领域是值得关注的勘探区带。沉积新模式的建立有力支撑了油气勘探部署，也为未来勘探提供了新方向、新思路。

With the continuous expansion of oil and gas exploration into ultra-deep and ancient strata in the three major marine cratonic basins, challenges such as unclear favorable exploration zones have emerged. Therefore it is imperative to deepen research on depositional models for critical geological periods. Based on the summary of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic tectonic-sedimentary differential evolution characteristics of the three major basins, this paper analyzes the controlling effects of tectonic differentiation on sedimentary evolution. It is pointed out that the three ancient marine cratonic basins exhibit a tectonic differentiation pattern of "rift-depression-uplift", driving carbonate platforms undergoing an evolutionary cycle of "isolated platform-ramp-rimmed platform", and the formation and evolution of rifts control the sedimentary differentiation of platforms and the similarity of the vertical sourced-reservoer-cap assemblages. Four new models of carbonate sedimentation were established: "multi-type platform margins" and "double shoals" ramp models, carbonate-gypsum/salt symbiotic system model, fault terrace platform margin model of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, and continuously expanding platform margin sedimentary model of Cambrian in Tarim Basin. The "multi-type platform margins" and "double shoals" ramp model reveal that the continental margin and rift margin, depression margin, paleo-uplift of inner ramp and lagoon periphery are favorable mound-shoal development areas. The carbonate-gypsum/salt symbiotic system model reveals that the margin of the paleo-uplift during transgression period is a favorable shoal development area. The fault terrace platform margin sedimentary model indicates that multiple syndepositional fault systems control the formation of step-like platform margins of the 2nd member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, with thick mound-shoal complexes developed on high fault blocks. The continuous extension platform margin sedimentary model reveals that the Cambrian platform margin belt of Lunnan-Gucheng area in Tarim Basin has undergone the evolution of mud-rich ramp→low-angle progradational ramp/weakly rimmed platform→vertically aggrading platform→laterally prograding rimmed platform. The new understanding of carbonate sedimentary models confirms that the mound-shoal belts around the paleo-rift of the three ancient marine craton basins are still important areas for increasing oil and gas reserves and ensuring resource succession. In addition, new fields such as gravity flow deposits in slope facies and marlstones in evaporative lagoon facies are worthy of exploration. The establishment of the new models of carbonate sedimentation strongly supports the deployment of oil and gas exploration, and also provides a new direction and ideas for future exploration.