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Marine Origin Petroleum Geology >

2025 , Vol. 30 >Issue 2: 97 - 109

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.02.001

New sedimentary models and their exploration significance of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic in the three ancient marine cratonic basins of China

  • ZHENG Jianfeng , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • ZHU Yongjin , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • ZHANG Benjian 2, 4 ,
  • SUN Chonghao 2, 3, 5 ,
  • LI Wenzheng 1, 2, 3 ,
  • WU Dongxu 1, 2, 3 ,
  • ZHOU Jingao 1, 2, 3
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  • 1. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology
  • 2. State Energy Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas in Carbonate Strata
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC
  • 4. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company
  • 5. PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company
ZHU Yongjin, PhD, Senior Engineer, mainly engaged in research on lithofacies paleogeographic reconstruction and exploration field evaluation of carbonate rocks. Add: No.920 Xixi Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China. E-mail:

ZHENG Jianfeng, MSc, Senior Engineer, mainly engaged in sedimentology and reservoir geology and oil and gas exploration of carbonate rocks. Add: No.920 Xixi Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China. E-mail:

Received date: 2024-10-20

  Revised date: 2024-12-19

  Online published: 2025-05-13

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Abstract

With the continuous expansion of oil and gas exploration into ultra-deep and ancient strata in the three major marine cratonic basins, challenges such as unclear favorable exploration zones have emerged. Therefore it is imperative to deepen research on depositional models for critical geological periods. Based on the summary of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic tectonic-sedimentary differential evolution characteristics of the three major basins, this paper analyzes the controlling effects of tectonic differentiation on sedimentary evolution. It is pointed out that the three ancient marine cratonic basins exhibit a tectonic differentiation pattern of "rift-depression-uplift", driving carbonate platforms undergoing an evolutionary cycle of "isolated platform-ramp-rimmed platform", and the formation and evolution of rifts control the sedimentary differentiation of platforms and the similarity of the vertical sourced-reservoer-cap assemblages. Four new models of carbonate sedimentation were established: "multi-type platform margins" and "double shoals" ramp models, carbonate-gypsum/salt symbiotic system model, fault terrace platform margin model of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, and continuously expanding platform margin sedimentary model of Cambrian in Tarim Basin. The "multi-type platform margins" and "double shoals" ramp model reveal that the continental margin and rift margin, depression margin, paleo-uplift of inner ramp and lagoon periphery are favorable mound-shoal development areas. The carbonate-gypsum/salt symbiotic system model reveals that the margin of the paleo-uplift during transgression period is a favorable shoal development area. The fault terrace platform margin sedimentary model indicates that multiple syndepositional fault systems control the formation of step-like platform margins of the 2nd member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, with thick mound-shoal complexes developed on high fault blocks. The continuous extension platform margin sedimentary model reveals that the Cambrian platform margin belt of Lunnan-Gucheng area in Tarim Basin has undergone the evolution of mud-rich ramp→low-angle progradational ramp/weakly rimmed platform→vertically aggrading platform→laterally prograding rimmed platform. The new understanding of carbonate sedimentary models confirms that the mound-shoal belts around the paleo-rift of the three ancient marine craton basins are still important areas for increasing oil and gas reserves and ensuring resource succession. In addition, new fields such as gravity flow deposits in slope facies and marlstones in evaporative lagoon facies are worthy of exploration. The establishment of the new models of carbonate sedimentation strongly supports the deployment of oil and gas exploration, and also provides a new direction and ideas for future exploration.

Key words： marine craton; tectonic-depositional evolution; carbonate rock; sedimentary model; Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic; exploration area

Cite this article

ZHENG Jianfeng , ZHU Yongjin , ZHANG Benjian , SUN Chonghao , LI Wenzheng , WU Dongxu , ZHOU Jingao . New sedimentary models and their exploration significance of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic in the three ancient marine cratonic basins of China[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2025 , 30(2) : 97 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.02.001

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