针对低勘探程度致密砂岩气区的特点，优选资源丰度地质类比法和基于储层体积的随机模拟法进行致密砂岩气资源评价，并根据国内外多个典型致密砂岩气藏的地质条件对比建立了致密砂岩气地质评价和资源丰度类比标准。以库车盆地东部侏罗系致密砂岩气为例，首先采用多要素叠加预测了致密砂岩气有利分布区块，对不同区块分别进行地质评价和参数研究，然后分别利用资源丰度类比法和随机模拟法对各个区块进行资源量的计算。计算表明库车东部侏罗系致密砂岩气资源量约为1.4×10¹²m，具有较大的勘探开发潜力。

According to the characteristics of tight sandstone gas plays of low exploration degree,two methods such as geological analogy in resource abundance and stochastic modeling based on reservoir volume were chosen to assess tight sandstone gas resources.Based on the geological analogy of some typical tight sandstone gas reservoirs,criteria of geological evaluation and resource abundance analog were established.The Jurassic tight sandstone gas in East Kuqa Basin has been taken as an example.Firstly,using the multi-factor congregating method,favorable zones of tight sandstone gas were predicted,and geological evaluation and parameters were studied for each zone.Then,using resource abundance analogy method and stochastic simulation method,gas resources of each tight sandstone gas zone were calculated.The results show that Jurassic tight sandstone gas resource in East Kuqa Basin is about 1.4 trillion square,which has great exploration and development potential.

中国自“十一五”以来大力发展致密砂岩气，目前已成为仅次于美国、加拿大的致密砂岩气生产大国，同时众多地质学者对中国复杂地质条件下致密砂岩气成藏机理不断创新研究取得了重要进展，进入建立新类型致密砂岩气成藏理论阶段。通过对早期致密气相关成藏理论解析、典型气藏解剖及实验模拟等综合研究，认为中国现今发现的致密砂岩气具有克拉通大面积致密砂岩气、前陆背斜构造致密砂岩气和断陷深层致密砂砾岩气3种成藏机制。克拉通大面积致密砂岩气以近距离孔缝网状输导、储盖双重阻挡、大面积聚集为主，而后两者以断裂孔缝输导、优质盖层封盖、断块—岩性或背斜构造控藏为主。三者相同点为致密砂岩储层与烃源岩层紧密接触、储层致密、甜点富集；差异点主要为输导条件、封盖机制、运聚特征等。中国致密砂岩气地质资源量达36.54×10¹⁶m³，其中克拉通大面积致密砂岩气地质资源量占83.2%，为30.4×10¹⁶m³，四川盆地须家河组、鄂尔多斯上古生界是该类型现实的重点勘探区带；前陆背斜构造致密砂岩气和断陷深层致密砂砾岩气资源相对较少，库车白垩系深层、吐哈台北侏罗系、准南侏罗系与松辽盆地深层是有利勘探区带。 

Since the elevenfifth plan,tight sand gas got vigorous development in China.Its production is only lower than that of the US and Canada.Aiming at the special geological condition of china,geologists have made new progresses in the theory of tight sand gas.With the indepth exploration,the accumulation theory was constantly improved.Through the analysis of early tight gas reservoir theory,anatomy of typical gas reservoir and experiments simulation etc.,it is thought that there are three main accumulation mechanisms,including the largescale tight sandstone type,the anticline structure compact sandstone type and the block tight sandstone type.Their similarities are the tight sands contacting closely with source rocks,the tight sand and the enriched sweet spot.Their differences are shown in the conducting conditions,capping mechanism,migration and accumulation characteristics etc.The characteristics of largescale tight sandstone are near distance seam hole mesh conducting,reservoir and seal double block and large scale gathered.The latter two are with fracture aperture conducting,high quality sealing cover,block or anticline tectonic control play.China's geological resource of tight sandstone gas is 36.54 trillion cubic meters.The study of the theory,exploration and development technology of largescale of tight sandstone gas are more mature,with geological resource of 30.4 trillion cubic meters.It has the basis and potential for accelerating development.Sichuan Xujiahe Formation and Upper Palaeozoic of Ordos Basin are the realistic key exploration zones.Jurassic of Kuqa northern section,Taibei sag of TurpanHami Basin and the south of Junggar Basin are the next favorable exploration zones.

系统梳理中国致密油气发展历程,提升总结勘探开发理论认识,客观对比中美地质条件及开发技术,明确了中国致密油气的勘探开发进展与所处的发展阶段,并从理论技术、工艺方法、开发政策等方面对中国致密油气的未来发展进行了展望。近10年来,依靠勘探开发实践和科技、管理创新,中国致密油气取得重大突破,探索了致密油气形成与分布等成藏规律,形成了“多级降压”、“人工油气藏”等开发理论认识,创新集成了富集区优选与井网部署、提高单井产量及采收率、低成本开发等技术系列,推动了致密油气的储量与产量的快速上升。但受控于沉积环境和构造背景,中国致密油气相比于北美,储集层连续性差、开发难度大、经济效益差,在储集层识别精度和压裂改造工艺等方面还存在一定差距。未来中国应进一步优化资源评价方法,攻关高精度三维地震、人工油气藏、智能工程等关键工程技术,创新发展新一代提高单井产量与提高采收率理论技术,积极争取致密油气财税补贴政策,促进致密油气快速规模发展。图5表8参40

塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系是“十三五”油气勘探的重点接替领域，根据全国第四次资源评价，该带具有5.65×10⁸t油气当量的资源量，但资源探明程度只有3.7%。为明确中下侏罗统的勘探方向、有利区带和圈闭类型，开展了基于露头、钻井及测井资料的沉积微相及砂体构型研究。明确了中下侏罗统发育宽缓湖盆湖侵背景下的辫状河三角洲平原—前缘—滨浅湖沉积体系，其中阿合组沉积辫状河三角洲上平原大型辫状河道巨厚砂体，阳霞组、克孜勒努尔组沉积辫状河三角洲下平原—前缘中小型河道中薄层砂体。建立了3种有利成藏的砂体建筑模型，提出了阿合组辫状河三角洲平原上河道垂向加积砂体是构造油气藏勘探领域；阳霞组辫状河三角洲平原下河道横向叠瓦状砂体和克孜勒努尔组前缘水道侧积透镜状砂体是构造—岩性、岩性油气藏勘探领域。吐格尔明背斜东、北及西翼部克孜勒努尔组和阳霞组构造—岩性油气藏最有利，优选了构造翼部有利面积700km²。迪北斜坡带平台区构造油气藏最有利，阿合组储层孔隙度平均为5.6%，渗透率平均为0.75×10^-3μm²，有利面积可达750km²。为北部构造带中东段中下侏罗统优选有利方向和油气圈闭勘探类型提供了可靠证据。

Jurassic of northern structural belt in Kuqa is “the 13^th five-year plan” oil and gas exploration areas of focus to replace, according to national fourth time resource evaluation, the belt has a 565 million tons of oil equivalent of resources, but the resources to carry out the degree of only 3.7%. In order to clarify the exploration direction, favorable zone and trap type of the Middle and Lower Jurassic, a study on sedimentary microfacies and sand body configuration based on outcrop, drilling and logging is carried out. This paper clarified that the Middle-Lower Jurassic develops braided river delta plain-front-shore and shallow lake sedimentary system under the lacustrine invasion background of wide and gentle lake basin, among which the Ahe Formation deposited large scale braided channel giant sand body of the braided river delta upper plain, and Yangxia and Kezilenur Formations deposited medium-small channel medium-thin layer sand body of the lower plain-front of the braided river delta. In this paper, three kinds of sand body building models are established, and the vertical accretion sand body in the upper plain of the Ahe Formation is constructed. In the lower plain of Yangxia Formation, the transverse sand body of the river and the lateral channel of the leading edge of the Kezilenur are tectonic - lithology and lithologic oil and gas reservoir. It is advantageous to construct lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in the low-amplitude tectonic zone in the east, north and west wing of Tugeerming. The lithologic oil and gas reservoirs are second in the tectonic wing. The optimum area of the construction wing area is 700km².The structure of the platform area of the Dibei slope zone is the most favorable. The porosity of the reservoir is 5.6%, with an average permeability of 0.75×10^-3μm² and a favorable area of 750km². It provides reliable basis for the selection of favorable direction for the Middle-Lower Jurassic in the middle east section of the northern tectonic belt and the tectonic and lithological reservoirs in the large ancient uplift and slope background.

致密油气为库车坳陷北部构造带迪北段重要勘探领域，但整体勘探程度较低。为了研究迪北段致密油气 来源，落实勘探潜力，在不同层系烃源岩地球化学特征分析基础上，通过油气源对比指出下侏罗统阿合组致密储层内 油气均以上三叠统烃源岩贡献为主。利用阿合组烃类流体包裹体均一温度测试结果和单井热史、埋藏史的分析，确定 阿合组油气具有3 期充注特征；结合迪北段油气成藏过程动态演化分析，认为迪北段油气具有早油晚气的特点，进而 建立早期和晚期油气成藏模式，明确烃源岩有效排气强度和致密储层裂缝发育程度共同控制致密气藏的分布，并预测 阿合组致密气藏勘探有利区位于迪北边缘。

Tight oil and gas is an important exploration field in the Dibei section of the structural belt of northern Kuqa depression, but the overall exploration degree is low. In order to investigate the source of tight oil and gas in the Dibei section and ascertain its exploration potential, oil/gas-source correction was carried out after geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in different series of strata were analyzed. It is shown that the oil and gas in the tight reservoirs of Ahe Formation of Lower Jurassic is mainly contributed by the Triassic source rocks. Then, based on the test results of homogeneous temperature of hydrocarbon fluid inclusion in the Ahe Formation and the analysis results of single well thermal history and burial history, it is determined that there are hydrocarbon charging characteristics of three periods in the Ahe Formation. Combined with the dynamic evolution analysis on the hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Dibei section, it is shown that the hydrocarbon in the Dibei section has the characteristics of early oil and late gas. Finally, the early and late hydrocarbon accumulation models were established. It is ascertained that the distribution of tight gas reservoirs is under the joint control of the effective expulsion intensity of source rocks and the fracture development degree of tight reservoirs. What’s more, it is predicted that the favorable exploration area of tight gas reservoirs in Ahe Formation is located along the northern margin of Dibei.

The formation and evolution of reservoirs in petroliferous basins are jointly controlled by tectonism and diagenesis. Quantitative evaluation of structural diagenesis is of great significance for deeply understanding the formation and evolution of reservoirs and reservoir quality. By analyzing the connotation of structural diagenesis and the main influencing factors for the formation and evolution of reservoir, this paper proposes that structural diagenetic strength can be used to quantitatively characterize the influence of tectonism and diagenesis on the formation and evolution of reservoirs and reservoir quality. Structural diagenetic strength refers to the degree of influence on tectonism and diagenesis during the formation and evolution of reservoir, which can be quantitatively characterized by the structural diagenetic index. The structural diagenetic strength can reflect not only the influence of time, depth, temperature, pressure and other controlling factors for the diagenetic evolution occurred during burial process on the reservoir, but also the impact of tectonic deformation intensity and its evolution in different structural periods on the reservoir. Quantitative evaluation of the structural diagenetic strength of the deep Cretaceous tight sandstone reservoirs in Kuqa foreland basin shows that the formation and evolution of reservoir is closely related to the structural diagenetic strength. As the structural diagenetic strength increases, the pore volume of reservoir matrix decreases and the development degree of natural fractures increases. From the piedmont structural belt to the frontal uplift belt of Kuqa foreland basin, the structural diagenetic strength successively increases from large to small; the matrix porosity of reservoir gradually increases, while the development degree of natural fractures gradually decreases. The quantitative evaluation method of structural diagenetic strength can provide a new way for the quantitative evaluation and prediction of deep tight sandstone reservoirs.

中国中西部大型含油气盆地中天然气大规模富集区具有多种特殊的聚集机制与不同的成藏效应。以天然气成藏地质理论与方法为基础,开展了典型含油气盆地区域地质与构造背景、地层埋藏演化、气藏基本特征、流体地质与地球化学等方面的研究。结果认为,喜马拉雅期以来隆升剥蚀所产生的构造抽吸、泥岩吸水、水溶气脱溶、流体封存等地质作用都能形成大规模的天然气聚集,并能形成不同的天然气成藏地质效应。如：大面积的构造抽吸作用与流体封存作用有利于区域性超高压流体的赋存及大规模超高压气田的形成;低砂地比地层中产生的泥岩吸水作用有利于区域性低压、无水气藏等大气区的发育;大面积厚层砂岩中水溶气的脱溶作用不仅能形成大规模的天然气聚集,而且地层水侧向运移产生的水溶气脱溶,会产生区域性有规律的天然气同位素分馏效应,即天然气水溶气运移距离越远,所聚集形成的天然气甲烷碳同位素组成越重。图7表1参69

深层—超深层已经成为国内外油气资源发展的最重要领域之一，资源潜力巨大。以构造活动为驱动力的构造动力成岩作用与储层的成因机理有着密切关系，控制着储层的形成、演化和空间分布。通过综述近十余年的主要研究进展，明确了储层构造动力成岩作用的概念和内涵，剖析了当前和未来研究的关键点及其对超深层油气的地质意义。储层构造动力成岩作用是沉积岩层在从松散沉积物到固结形成沉积岩石直至遭受浅变质前的过程中所发生的构造活动与成岩作用的耦合，主要研究沉积物沉积以后构造变形与沉积物的物理、化学变化的相互作用关系，其关键驱动力是构造作用（包括挤压、伸展和走滑），可以发生在弱成岩—固结成岩和构造抬升-剥露的各个时期。储层构造动力成岩作用研究的关键在于厘清3个关系：构造成岩作用与储层致密化、裂缝化的量化关系；构造成岩作用与流体-岩石相互作用的耦合关系；构造成岩作用与储层断层带、裂缝带的时空关系。储层构造动力成岩作用在多学科交叉、多方法融合和多领域应用的基础上逐步形成了新的地质理论体系和技术方法系列，可为认识超深层碳酸盐岩储层、低孔裂缝型砂岩储层、规模优质砂岩储层、非常规储层的形成机理提供地质理论基础，还可为复杂储层质量评价预测、天然裂缝及其有效性评价提供有效途径和技术方法。

Deep and ultra-deep layers have become one of the most important areas for the development of domestic and foreign oil and gas resources, with huge resources potential. Tectonic diagenesis, driven by tectonic activity, is closely related to the genetic mechanism of reservoirs, and controls the formation, evolution and spatial distribution of reservoirs. By summarizing the main research progress in the past 10 years, this paper clarifies the concept and connotation of tectonic diagenesis on reservoir, and analyzes the key points of current and future researches and their geological significance for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration. Tectonic diagenesis on reservoir is the coupling of tectonic activity and diagenesis of sedimentary strata in the process from loose sediments to the sedimentary rock through consolidation before undergoing low grade metamorphism. The researches of structural diagenesis mainly focus on the interaction between structural deformation and physical and chemical changes of sediments after sedimentation. The key driving force is tectonism (including compression, extension and strike-slip), which can occur in various periods of weak diagenesis, consolidation diagenesis, tectonic uplift and exhumation. The key to the research of tectonic diagenesis on reservoir is to clarify three relationships:the quantitative relationship between structural diagenesis, reservoir densification and fracturing; the coupling relationship between structural diagenesis and fluid-rock interaction; the temporal and spatial relationship between structural diagenesis and reservoir fault zone and fracture zone. New series of geological theory systems and technical methods of tectonic diagenesis on reservoir has been established on the basis of multi-discipline, multi-method fusion and multi-field application. This can provide a geological theoretical basis for understanding the formation mechanisms of carbonate reservoirs, low-porosity fractured sandstone reservoirs, large-scale high-quality sandstone reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs and can also provide effective ways and technical methods for evaluation and prediction the quality of complex reservoirs, as well as the evalutaiton of natural fractures and their effectiveness.

库车坳陷北部构造带是塔里木盆地油气增储上产的重要领域。利用最新的露头、钻井等资料，结合前人的研究成果，通过系统梳理和总结库车坳陷北部构造带的基础地质特征和石油地质条件，分析油气成藏模式和勘探潜力，并与邻区克拉苏构造带进行类比，明确了目前勘探需要解决的关键问题。结果表明，库车坳陷北部构造带的主要含油气层系为下侏罗统阿合组辫状河三角洲平原沉积、下侏罗统阳霞组—中侏罗统克孜勒努尔组辫状河三角洲下平原、三角洲前缘和滨、浅湖沉积；巴什构造段和迪北—吐孜构造段分别发育复杂和简单的基底卷入冲断构造，吐格尔明构造段发育古隆起背景下的基底卷入背斜；新近系库车组沉积期—第四纪为构造定型期；烃源岩主要为三叠系—侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层，中—下侏罗统储层为裂缝性致密砂岩储层；发育3套主要的生-储-盖组合，"源、储、盖"紧邻的组合模式是形成致密砂岩气藏的有利条件；发育3类油气藏，构造-岩性油气藏主要分布在吐格尔明背斜及周缘地区，裂缝性连续型致密砂岩凝析气藏主要分布在迪北—吐孜地区，构造型致密砂岩油气藏主要分布在巴什构造段，均具有"先致密后成藏"的特点。库车坳陷北部构造带整体具备形成规模连片油气藏的潜力，新发现油气圈闭22个，总面积为240 km²，预测石油资源量为3 200×10⁴t、天然气资源量为3 500×10⁸m³，随着全区三维地震部署的实施，有望发现更多圈闭。库车坳陷北部构造带与克拉苏构造带一样，具备形成大—中型油气田的地质基础。对于库车坳陷北部构造带的油气勘探，需要在油气保存条件、构造精细建模、储层成因机制、钻完井与储层改造工艺优化方面开展进一步的系统研究；勘探层位应以中—下侏罗统为主，兼顾浅层、深层多目的层系，拓宽油气勘探领域。

The northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression is a key field for increasing oil and gas reserves and production in Tarim Basin. Using the latest data of outcrop and drilling, in combination with previous research results, this paper analyzes hydrocarbon accumulation models and exploration potentials by systematically summarizing the basic geological characteristics and petroleum geological conditions of the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression, then makes a comparison between it and the Kelasu tectonic belt in the adjacent area, and further clarifies the key issues that need to be solved in the current exploration. The results show that the main hydrocarbon-bearing series in the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression includes the braided river delta plain deposits in the Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation, the braided river lower delta plain, delta front, shore-shallow lacustrine deposits in the Lower Jurassic Yangxia Formation and Middle Jurassic Kezilenur Formation. Complex and simple basement-involved thrust structures are developed in Bashi tectonic segment and Dibei-Tuzi tectonic section, respectively, and basement-involved anticlines are developed in Tugeerming tectonic segment under the background of paleohigh. The structural forming stage is from the deposition period of Neogene Kuqa Formation to the Quaternary. The source rocks are mainly Triassic-Jurassic lacustrine mudstone and coal-measure strata, and the Middle-Lower Jurassic reservoirs are fractured tight sandstone reservoirs. There are three main sets of source-reservoir-cap assemblages. The combination mode of the adjacent source, reservoir and cap is favorable for the formation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. There are three types of reservoirs. The structural-lithological reservoirs are mainly distributed in the Tugeerming anticline and its peripheral areas, the fractured continuous tight sandstone condensate gas reservoirs are mainly in the Dibei-Tuzi area, and the structural tight sandstone reservoirs are mainly in the Bashi tectonic segment. They are characterized by "densification first and accumulation later". As a whole, the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression has the potential to form large-scale contiguous reservoirs. Twenty-two new oil and gas traps have been discovered, with the total area of 240 km². The predicted oil resources are 3 200×10⁴t, and the natural gas resources are 3 500×10⁸m³. With the implementation of 3D seismic deployment in the whole region, more traps are expected to be discovered. The northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression, like the Kelasu tectonic belt, has the geological basis for the formation of large-medium-sized oil and gas fields. For the oil and gas exploration in the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression, it is required to carry out further systematic studies on oil and gas preservation conditions, fine structure modeling, reservoir genesis, drilling and completion, and improvement of reservoir reconstruction technology. The exploration should focus on the Middle-Lower Jurassic horizons, taking into account both shallow and deep target strata, thus broadening the field of oil and gas exploration.

库车坳陷依奇克里克构造带侏罗系阿合组沿东西方向埋深相差小于1 km，但储层物性、孔隙结构差异大。储层平均孔隙度相差3倍，渗透率至少相差一个数量级。自西向东，微孔隙有逐渐减少的趋势，粒间孔逐渐增加。研究区内构造应力对储层有重要的影响。通过自西向东选取迪北102井、依南5井、吐孜4井和吐东2井阿合组粗粒长石岩屑砂岩样品开展分析，探讨了一种既考虑岩石表观体积变化、又考虑杂基体积变化的模型来定量分析压实作用对储层的破坏程度。结合埋藏史分析和平衡剖面恢复，用深时指数和伸缩率参数开展回归分析，区分出横向挤压和垂向压实对储层的破坏程度，比较了构造挤压作用对储层孔隙空间的贡献率。研究结果表明：依奇克里克构造带自西向东阿合组储层的压实减孔率逐渐减小；构造挤压减孔在压实减孔中占比呈两侧高、中部低；构造裂缝对储层的改善程度远远小于构造挤压对储层的破坏程度。

The burial depth difference of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Yiqikelike structural belt of Kuqa depression is less than 1 km along the east-west direction, but the physical properties and pore structure of reservoir are quite different. The average porosity of reservoir shows a three-fold difference, and the permeability of reservoir differs by at least an order of magnitude. From west to east, the micropores gradually decrease, but the intergranular pores gradually increase. Tectonic stress has an important impact on reservoir in the study area. The paper analyzes the coarse feldspar lithic sandstone samples of Ahe Formation in the Well Dibei102, Well Yinan5, Well Tuzi4 and Well Tudong2 from west to east, and proposes a model considering the volume changes of both rocks and matrix to quantitatively analyze the reservoir destruction by compaction. In combination with burial history and balanced cross-section restoration, the regression analysis was carried out with depth-time index and contraction ratio, to distinguish the destruction effect of reservoir by lateral compression and vertical compaction, and to compare the contribution rate of tectonic compression to reservoir pore space. The results show that the porosity loss caused by the compaction of Ahe Formation gradually decreases from west to east in Yiqikelike structural belt. The porosity loss caused by tectonic compaction is characterized by high on both sides and low in the middle. The effect of structural fractures on reservoir improvement is far less than that of tectonic compression on reservoir destruction.

前陆盆地以蕴藏构造油气藏为主，岩性地层油气藏在以往被认为难以形成规模资源量。以库车坳陷东部中生界为例，在大量露头、钻井、地震和测井资料叠合分析的基础上，分析出吐格尔明大型背斜构造为古新世和上新世继承性基底冲断作用的产物，其变形主压应力场的方位为NNE—SSW向；依奇克里克背斜构造为基底卷入的冲断构造，其褶皱南翼相对简单，为迪北斜坡带，北翼呈低角度北倾，变形主压应力场的方位为NNW—SSE向。库车坳陷东部中—下侏罗统和上三叠统发育巨厚层煤系腐殖型和暗色泥岩腐泥型烃源岩，沉积中心分布在库车河地区、迪北地区和吐东地区，TOC含量为2.1%~3.3%，R_o为1.0%~2.0%，处于成熟—高成熟阶段，生烃潜力大；广泛发育中层—薄层辫状河三角洲平原—前缘砂体，累计厚度为200~280 m，砂体在垂向上不连续加积，在横向上呈透镜状，延伸距离最大可达4 km。油气藏主要发育在3个有利区带：构造-岩性油气藏发育在大型背斜围斜部位，大面积致密砂岩构造-岩性型油气藏发育在阳霞凹陷和深部背斜平缓带，构造-地层超覆油气藏发育在阳霞凹陷南斜坡。

The foreland basin is dominated by structural reservoirs, and generally it is difficult for lithostratigraphic reservoirs to form large-scale resource fields. Based on the case study of the Mesozoic in the eastern Kuqa depression, as well as the superposition analysis of a large number of outcrop, drilling, seismic and logging data, it is obtained that the large-scale Tugeerming anticline in the eastern Kuqa depression was formed by successive basement thrusting in Paleocene and Pliocene with NNE-SSW trending main compressive stress field of deformation. Yiqikelike anticline is a basement-involved thrust structure. Its southern wing is the Dibei slope with simple topography, while the northern wing incline to the north at a low angle with NNW-SSE trending main compressive stress field. In the Middle and Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic, sapropelic source rocks with huge thick layers of humic and dark mudstone in coal measures were developed in the eastern Kuqa depression. The sedimentary centers are distributed in Kuqa River, Dibei and Tudong areas. The total organic carbon content is 2.1% to 3.3%, and the <i>R</i>_o is 1.0% to 2.0%, indicating the mature and high-mature stages of reservoirs with large hydrocarbon generation potential. Middle- and thin-layered sandbodies of the braided river delta plain and delta front is widely developed, with the cumulative thickness of 200 m to 280 m. The sand body is discontinuous in the vertical direction and lenticular in the transverse direction, and the extension distance is up to 4 km. There are three types of large-scale favorable areas for oil and gas accumulation. Structural-lithologic reservoirs are developed in the large anticline slope, large area of tight sand structural-lithologic reservoirs are developed in Yangxia sag and the gentle zone of the deep anticline, as well as the structural-stratigraphic onlap reservoirs are developed in the south slope of Yangxia sag.

库车坳陷东部迪北地区下侏罗统阿合组致密气资源潜力巨大,是塔里木盆地天然气增储上产的重要接替领域。受制于地质条件复杂,该地区的油气富集规律认识不清、储层甜点预测难度大,制约了致密气的有效勘探与开发。基于构造演化、烃源岩、沉积储层、生-储-盖组合及勘探实践的系统分析,探讨了阿合组天然气成藏新模式。迪北地区发育多条4级高角度逆冲断裂,其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ级断裂的伴生裂缝发育,构造整体表现为自南向北阶梯式抬升,局部发育断背斜和断鼻构造,主要形成于中新世-第四纪逆冲推覆期;阿合组储层以辫状河三角洲平原亚相辫状河道巨厚层状(含砾)粗砂岩为主,多尺度、多成因的微裂缝可有效沟通微孔隙和长石粒内溶孔等储集空间,有利于规模储层甜点的发育。阿合组致密气藏的生-储-盖组合表现为"三明治"式,其中,三叠系暗色泥岩和煤层是致密气藏的主力烃源岩。阿合组致密气成藏演化具有"先致密后成藏"的特征,早期注入油、减孔致密,喜马拉雅晚期(18~1 Ma)断裂和构造缝发育,利于天然气沿断裂-裂缝带充注成藏。迪北5井采用常规钻井工程和常规压裂工艺实现了阿合组超深层致密油气效益勘探突破,证实了迪北地区整体含气,以烃源岩发育区、优势储层分布区、Ⅲ-Ⅳ级断裂-裂缝带的油气最为富集。重新刻画了效益勘探有利区的面积为1 030 km²、天然气资源量为7 210&#215;10⁸m³、石油资源量为3 090&#215;10⁴t。

The Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation in Dibei area,eastern Kuqa depression has a great potential of tight gas resource,which is an important replacement field for increasing natural gas reserves and production in Tarim Basin.Limited by the complex geological conditions,the hydrocarbon enrichment law in this area is still unknown,and it is difficult to predict reservoir sweet spots,thus restricting the effective exploration and development of tight gas.Based on the systematic analysis of tectonic evolution,source rock,sedimentary reservoir,source-reservoir-cap rock association and exploration practice,this paper explores the new gas accumulation mode of Ahe Formation.Several four-grade high-angle thrust faults are developed in Dibei area,of which grade III-IV faults are developed and associated with fractures.On the whole,the tectonic structure show a stepped uplift from south to north,and fault anticline and fault nose-shaped structure are developed in regional areas,mainly formed in the Miocene-Quaternary thrust-nappe period;the reservoirs of Ahe Formation are mainly composed of ultra-thick layered (gravel-bearing) coarse sandstone in the braided channels of the braided delta plain subfacies.The multi-scale and polygenetic microfractures can effectively communicate the reservoir spaces such as micropores and the intragranular dissolved pores of feldspar,which is conducive to the development of large-scale reservoir sweet spots.The source-reservoir-cap rock association of the tight gas reservoir in Ahe Formation presents a sandwich pattern,in which the Triassic dark mudstone and coal seam are the main source rocks of the tight gas reservoir.The accumulation evolution of tight gas in Ahe Formation is characterized by "first compaction and then accumulation".Both injecting oil and reducing pores for compaction in the early stage as well as the development of Himalayan faults and tectonic fractures in the late stage are conducive to the charging and accumulation of gas along the fault-fracture zone.A breakthrough in the exploration of ultra-deep tight oil and gas in Ahe Formation was made in Well Dibei 5 by conventional drilling engineering and fracturing technique,based on which it is confirmed that the overall Dibei area has gas resource and the oil and gas are most enriched in the source rock development area,the dominant reservoir area and the zone of grade III-IV faults and fractures.The favorable exploration area is re-determined as 1 030 km²,the amount of natural gas resource and oil resource is 7 210&#215;10⁸m³ and 3 090&#215;10⁴t,respectively.

构造成岩作用是控制库车坳陷北部构造带侏罗系阿合组储层特征的重要因素，主要包括古构造应力的压实减孔作用和构造造缝两个方面。在储层特征及构造应力特征分析的基础上，通过定量分析古构造应力对北部构造带阿合组储层的压实减孔作用及构造裂缝的控制作用，对研究区阿合组的古构造应力和储层物性进行了有限元数值模拟，预测了储层有利区。研究表明，古构造应力是控制北部构造带阿合组储层物性和构造裂缝特征的重要因素。最大古构造应力与储层孔隙度呈负相关，与构造应力的压实减孔量呈幂函数正相关；最大古构造应力的方位控制了构造裂缝的优势走向，其大小控制了构造裂缝的发育程度；最大古构造应力与裂缝面密度和裂缝面孔率呈指数正相关。根据最大古构造应力与储层物性之间的交会关系，北部构造带阿合组储层可划分为孔隙型、裂缝-孔隙型和裂缝型3种类型，其中，裂缝-孔隙型又包含a型、b型、c型和d型4亚类。北部构造带巴什构造段中部黑英山—库车河一线发育裂缝-孔隙a型相对优质储层和裂缝-孔隙b型中等储层，目前尚处于勘探空白区，是北部构造带油气勘探的潜在领域，但存在一定勘探风险。

Structural diagenesis is an important factor controlling reservoir characteristics of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the northern structural belt of Kuqa depression, mainly involving porosity loss by compaction under paleo-tectonic stress and tectonic fractures. Based on analyzing the characteristics of reservoirs and tectonic stress, through quantitative analysis of the controlling effect of paleo-tectonic stress on porosity loss by compaction and tectonic fracture characteristics of Ahe Formation, this paper carries out the infinite element numerical simulation of paleo-tectonic stress and reservoir physical property of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the northern structural belt of Kuqa depression, so as to predict favorable reservoir areas. The research shows that the paleo-tectonic stress is an important factor controlling reservoir physical property and tectonic fracture feature of Ahe Formation. The maximum paleo-tectonic stress has a negative linear correlation with the average reservoir porosity, and has a positive correlation of power function with the porosity loss by compaction under tectonic stress. The direction of maximum paleo tectonic stress controls the primary strike of tectonic fractures, and its magnitude controls the development degree of tectonic stress. The maximum paleo-tectonic stress has a good positive correlation of exponential function with the surface density and surface porosity of tectonic fractures. According to the mutual relationship between maximum paleo-tectonic stress and reservoir physical property, the Ahe Formation reservoirs can be divided into porous type, fractured-porous type and fractured type, and the fractured-porous type is further subdivided into subtypes a, b, c, and d. The relatively high-quality reservoir of subtype a and medium-quality reservoir of subtype b are developed in the Heiyingshan to Kuqa River area in the middle section of Bashi structural belt. This is still a blank area of exploration, and considered to be a potential field for hydrocarbon exploration but with some exploration risks.

塔里木盆地勘探面积广阔、油气资源量大、探明程度较低，是"十四五"（2021—2025年）规划中国油气增储上产的最重要压舱石之一。塔里木盆地的勘探研究面临着诸多世界级难题，如古老海相烃源灶、超深规模储层、超深层油气赋存、超长油气藏演化等，这些因素严重制约了塔里木盆地的整体效益勘探。基于近两年的露头、钻井、地球物理、分析测试等资料，对塔里木盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型中成藏关键要素的耦合模式和资源潜力开展了系统分析。研究结果表明：塔里木盆地主要发育台盆区寒武系盐下、奥陶系、石炭系、前陆区古生界—新生界4套区域性储-盖组合及含油气系统，其中，库车坳陷白垩系亚格列木组、库车坳陷南斜坡迎烃面古生界潜山、库车坳陷北部构造带（迪北地区）侏罗系致密气断缝体、塔西南地区石炭系—二叠系、台盆区寒武系盐下台缘带及阿瓦提凹陷西缘寒武系、台盆区奥陶系断溶体是油气勘探最重要的新领域新类型。库车前陆区古生界潜山及中生界的近源油气资源量巨大，其中，温宿—佳木地区古潜山的石油资源量超过2×10⁸t、天然气资源量约为600×10⁸m³，白垩系亚格列木组的天然气资源量约为10 500×10⁸m³、石油资源量超过4 300×10⁴t，北部构造带侏罗系阿合组的天然气资源量近2.6×10¹²m³、石油资源量约为1.3×10⁸t。台盆区寒武系盐下台缘带的天然气资源量近1.8×10¹²m³；阿瓦提凹陷西缘的天然气资源量约为4 400×10⁸m³、石油资源量约为1.4×10⁸t；富满—顺北地区奥陶系断溶体的油气资源量近32×10⁸t油当量。新领域、新类型油气勘探突破带来的地质和资源潜力新认识可为后续持续高效的勘探奠定稳定基础。

Tarim Basin is characterized by vast exploration areas, large amount of oil-gas reserves, and relatively low degree of exploration. It plays a crucial role as one of the key drivers for China's domestic oil-gas reserves and production during the "14th Five-Year Plan". However, numerous world-class challenges are encountered in the exploration of Tarim Basin, such as ancient marine source rocks, ultra-deep reservoirs, the occurrence of hydrocarbons in ultra-deep reservoirs, as well as the long-term evolution of oil-gas reservoirs, which significantly limit the overall efficiency of exploration in Tarim Basin. Through an integrated approach that combines the data of outcrops, well drilling, geophysics, and testing over the past two years, this paper systematically analyzes the coupling model of key factors for the new types of hydrocarbon accumulation in new prospecting fields of Tarim Basin, as well as resource potential in the study area. The research indicates that Tarim Basin mainly developed four regional reservoir-cap combinations and hydrocarbon systems, including Cambrian pre-salt, Ordovician, and Carboniferous reservoirs in the platform area of basin, as well as the Paleozoic to Cenozoic reservoirs in the foreland area. The most important new areas and types are shown as below:the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Kuqa depression, the Paleozoic buried hills on the south slope of Kuqa depression, the Jurassic tight gas fault-fracture bodies in the northern tectonic belt (Dibei area) of Kuqa depression, the Carboniferous-Permian strata in the southwest Tarim Basin, the Lower Cambrian platform margin belt in platform area and the Cambrian in the west margin of Awati sag, as well as Ordovician fault-karst bodies in the platform area. The near-source oil-gas resources in the Paleozoic buried hills and the Mesozoic of Kuqa foreland basin have enormous potential. The amount of oil and gas resources can reach 2×10⁸t and 600× 10⁸m³ in the paleo buried hills of Wensu-Jiamu area, respectively. The amount of gas and oil resources in the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation is about 10 500×10⁸m³ and 4 300×10⁴t, respectively. In the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression, the natural gas and oil resources of the Jurassic Ahe Formation possess 2.6×10¹²m³ and 1.3×10⁸t, respectively. The Lower Cambrian pre-salt platform margin belt in the platform area contains 1.78×10¹²m³ of natural gas. The gas and oil resources are 4 400×10⁸m³ and 1.4×10⁸t in the west margin of Awati sag, respectively. The Ordovician fault-karst bodies has around 32×10⁸t of oil equivalent in the Fuman-Shunbei area. The insights into geological and resource potential gained from breakthroughs in exploring new fields and types of oil-gas resources can lay a solid foundation for further efficient exploration in the future.