基于对珠江口盆地白云凹陷已钻井岩心样品的有机地球化学分析，明确白云凹陷烃源岩发育特征；重构凹陷现今地温场，恢复构造-热演化过程，在此基础上通过烃源岩热模拟实验和数值模拟，预测白云凹陷资源类型、规模和分布。研究表明：①白云凹陷发育古近系浅湖相规模烃源岩，沉积期为弱氧化环境，生源以陆源高等植物为主，藻类等具有一定贡献，为油气兼生型烃源岩；②白云凹陷现今地温场显示地温梯度主体为（3.5~5.2）℃/100 m，整体呈现从西北往东南方向增高的趋势，不同洼陷地温梯度差异较大；③新生代以来白云凹陷经历了始新世和中新世两期明显的伸展拉张过程，经受两期加热升温事件，加快烃源岩成熟演化，基底古热流主体在距今13.82 Ma时达到最高值；④盆地模拟结果显示，白云主洼烃源岩成熟度明显高于其他洼陷，始新统文昌组现今整体处于高成熟—过成熟阶段，始新统恩平组现今达到成熟—高成熟阶段；⑤热模拟实验表明，文昌组浅湖相泥岩具有较好的生干酪根裂解气能力，且气产率高，具有宽窗持续生气的特征；恩平组浅湖相泥岩具有较好的生轻质油能力，晚期仍具有一定的干酪根裂解产气能力，但与文昌组浅湖相泥岩和恩平组三角洲煤系泥岩相比，气产率相对偏低；⑥数值模拟结果表明，白云主洼烃源岩生烃较早，生烃强度明显高于其他洼陷，平均约为1 200×10⁴ t/km²，油气资源主体分布在主洼，主力烃源岩层位为文昌组三段和四段；⑦在运聚单元划分与评价的基础上，优选4个有利区带，分别为①号番禺30鼻状构造带、③号流花29鼻隆带和荔湾3鼻隆带、②号白云东凹缓坡带以及⑧号白云1低凸起。

<p>The Pearl River Mouth Basin is a basin with the characteristics of variable geothermal field, firstly presented as a fault transforming into depression later, transferring from land to sea. In this basin, three sets of source rocks are developed, i.e., Wenchang Formation, Enping Formation and Zhuhai Formation. Based on the analysis and test on a large number of source rock samples in combination with experimental analysis, geological analysis and geological simulation, this study conducts a comprehensive grading evaluation on the development characteristics of the three sets of source rocks and the thermal evolution history, hydrocarbon generation history and resource potential of the depression/half graben/sag. The research indicates that (1)the lacustrine oil-prone source rocks in Wenchang Formation during the mid-early rifting stage are the chief source rocks in this region, while the coal-measure oil-gas-bearing source rocks in Enping Formation during the late rifting stage are important source rocks in this region. Only in Baiyun sag, the marine terrigenous oil-gas-bearing source rocks in Zhuhai Formation during the depression stage entered the hydrocarbon generation threshold. (2)The geothermal gradients increased from shallow area to deep-water, which resulted in the fact that maturity threshold and hydrocarbon generation window were located in the water area rapidly becoming shallow. In the shallow area, source rocks were developed in the mature-high maturity stage, characterized with late hydrocarbon generation. The main hydrocarbon generation period was from 16 Ma to the present. In the deep water, source rocks are in the mature-over mature stage, and Baiyun sag is characterized with early hydrocarbon generation with the main hydrocarbon generation period of 33-0 Ma. (3)The total geological resource of Pearl River Mouth Basin is about 85&times;10⁸ tons through assessment. It is rich in oil and gas resources, where the shallow water area is dominated by petroleum resources, equivalent with the oil and gas resources in the deep water area. (4)According to the evaluation criteria of offshore hydrocarbon-generation depression, Huizhou, Baiyun, Lufeng, Xijiang, and Enping sags are hydrocarbon-rich depressions, and Kaiping and Liwan sags are moderate hydrocarbon generation depressions with favorable exploration potential.</p>

Due to the lacking of systematic research on the tectonic-sedimentary response of Wenchang Formation in northern Huizhou Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, the exploration process is seriously restricted. Based on the new high-resolution 3D seismic data and new wells, the tectonic-sedimentary response and its control over high-quality source rocks in northern Huizhou Sag are deeply analyzed through well-seismic joint interpretation. It is considered that: (1) Mainly controlled by the spatio-temporal evolution of the sag-controlling faults and the tectonic response of the Huizhou movement, the tectonic and sedimentary characteristics of each sub-sag in Huibei area are significantly different in Wenchang period. Huizhou-08 and Huizhou-14 sub-sags are characterized by graben with weak tectonic activity in Wenchang period, and braided river deltas and shallow lacustrine facies are developed under the influence of the provenance of Huizhou-08 transition zone outside the basin. Huizhou-10 sub-sag is a half graben with the strongest tectonic activity in Wenchang period, and semi deep-deep lacustrine and braided river delta are developed under the influence of the provenance of the Huilu Low Uplift. (2) The differential coupling of tectonic evolution and sedimentary characteristics leads to the "east-west zoning" of sources rocks of Wenchang Formation. Source rocks of shallow lacustrine-swamp facies are mainly developed in Huizhou-08 and Huizhou-14 sub-sags, and the high-quality source rocks of semi deep-deep lacustrine facies are mainly distributed in Huizhou-10 sub-sag. (3) The development models of source rocks of Huizhou-10 sub-sag in different period are different. During the strong rift period, Huizhou-10 sub-sag was connected with the adjacent sub-sag, and most of the provenance in the gentle slope zone was under water, which resulting in a large accommodation space and little sediment source input, consequently the semi deep-deep lacustrine facies are developed extensively throughout the sub-sag. About 43 Ma, the magma intrusion induced by the Huizhou movement caused a high-angle rotation of the gentle slope zone of Huizhou-10 sub-sag, and the current dustpan-shaped half-graben formed, which greatly reduced the scope of the lake during the atrophic rift period, and the semi deep-deep lacustrine deposits only develop near the controlling faults. This study has great significance to the next exploration in this area. At the same time, it gives a unique case of tectonic-sedimentary evolution of half graben.

位于珠江口盆地的惠州26?6构造在中生界古潜山及古近系获得油气勘探重大突破，是该盆地古潜山及恩平组—文昌组凝析气勘探的首个规模发现。为进一步指导浅水富油区天然气勘探，应用天然气生成及分子碳同位素动力学技术，对惠州26?6油气田三级层序格架下的有效气源岩层进行系统研究。结果表明：惠州26洼文昌组六段（文六段）+五段（文五段）半深湖—深湖亚相烃源岩为惠州26?6油气田古潜山储层提供大量天然气，文五段半深湖—深湖亚相烃源岩为文昌组—恩平组储层提供一定量天然气，文昌组四段（文四段）半深湖—深湖亚相烃源岩为文昌组—恩平组提供少量天然气，上文昌组（文三段）和恩平组烃源岩基本不提供天然气；该气田属于阶段性累积聚气，成藏时间较晚，有效充注成藏期在10~0 Ma之间，目前仍处于有效充注阶段。这一新认识对于珠江口盆地富油区天然气勘探具有重要的指导意义。

HZ26-6 structure, located in Pearl River Mouth Basin, has made a major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in Mesozoic buried hills and Paleogene, which is the first large-scale discovery of condensate gas exploration in the buried hills, Enping Formation and Wenchang Formation of the basin. In order to further guide natural gas exploration in shallow water oil-rich areas, the effective gas source rocks under the third-order sequence framework of HZ26-6 oil and gas field were systematically studied by using the natural gas generation and molecular carbon isotope dynamics. The results show that the deep lacustrine source rocks of Wenchang VI formation and Wenchang V formation in Huizhou 26 Sag provide a large amount of natural gas for the buried hill reservoirs of HZ26-6 oil and gas field, the deep lacustrine source rocks in Wenchang V formation provide a certain amount of natural gas for the reservoirs of Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation, the deep lacustrine source rocks in Wenchang IV formation provide a small amount of natural gas for Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation, and the source rocks of upper Wenchang Formation (Wenchang III Formation) and Enping Formation basically do not provide natural gas. The gas field belongs to staged cumulative gas accumulation, and the reservoir formation time is relatively late. The effective filling and reservoir formation period is 10-0Ma. At present, it is still in the effective filling stage. This new understanding has important guiding significance for natural gas exploration in oil-rich areas of Pearl River Mouth Basin.

The source of oil and gas and the stages of oil and gas accumulation in the “double-Paleo” field of the HZ-A structure in the Pearl River Mouth Basin are analyzed, and the spatiotemporal coupling relationship of the key conditions of oil and gas accumulation are discussed to reconstruct the process of oil and gas accumulation. Based on previous research results, which are based the characteristics of biomarker compounds, the oil and gas in the HZ-A structure double Paleogene field came from the Paleogene Wenchang Formation hydrocarbon source rocks in the HZ26 sub-sag. By means of the casting thin section identification and inclusion homogenization temperature measurement, this paper reveals the three major hydrocarbon accumulation periods and corresponding fluid charging types in the “double-Paleo” field of the HZ-A structure in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The results show that 13.8–10 Ma is the charging period of low mature crude oil, 10–5.3 Ma is the charging period of mature crude oil, and from 5.3 Ma is the natural gas charging period. Based on actual geological, drilling, logging, and seismic data, the key conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in the HZ-A structure “double-Paleo” field are sorted out; that is, the source conditions are characterized by high-quality lacustrine source rocks generating early oil and late gas and a near-source continuous hydrocarbon supply. The reservoir conditions are characterized by weathering and superposition of a fracture zone that transforms into a reservoir, and a large-scale sandstone rock mass that transforms into a reservoir. The caprock conditions are characterized by the stacking of several thin mudstones that form a seal and the combination of multiple lithologies that block hydrocarbon migration. The trap conditions are characterized by multistage uplift structure traps and fracture-lithology combination control traps. The transport conditions are characterized by multi-stage cross-bed transport of source-connected faults and lateral differential transport of shallow sand in deep fractures. Finally, oil and gas accumulation models of the HZ-A structure double Paleogene field were established, and the accumulation process was reconstructed. The overall process involved three stages, with the first stage being the localized oil-displacing-water mode, the second being the large-scale oil-displacing-water mode, and the third being the late progressive gas-displacing-oil mode.

为了更加准确地预测和评价珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近系油气资源潜力，精细划分了该凹陷油气汇聚单元和成藏体系，并利用层序地层学和地球化学相结合的方法，分析了该凹陷古近系始新统-下渐新统恩平组和始新统文昌组6个三级层序烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型、生烃潜力大小和生物标志物组合特征，指出文昌组SQ2层序地层中&mdash;深湖相泥岩是主力烃源岩，恩平组SQ5和SQ6层序地层沼泽相、河流三角洲相和浅湖相煤系烃源岩是重要烃源岩。

<p>For exactly doping out and evaluating petroleum and natural gas resource potentials in Paleogene in Huizhou Depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin, and&nbsp; classifying petroleum systems, organic matter abundances, organic matter types,&nbsp;hydrocarbon generating potentials and biomarkers of six three-class sequence so urce rocks in Palegene in Huizhou depression have been studied by methods of sequence strata and geochemistry. Middle-deep lacustrine mud rock in SQ2 in Wen chang formation in Eocene is absolutely main source rock. Swamp and fluvio-deltaic&nbsp; and coal-measure source rocks in SQ5 and SQ6 in Enping formation in Oligocene are important source rocks.</p>

以中国近海古近系3个主要富生油凹陷所发育的湖相烃源岩为研究对象，从沉降速率、沉积速率/沉降速率、断层活动速率、伸展率等方面讨论了构造运动对烃源岩发育的定量控制。分析表明，构造运动对不同水体环境下烃源岩发育的控制有一定差异：在淡水&mdash;微咸水环境下，沉降速率达到100 m/Ma，沉积速率/沉降速率介于0.7~1.0，断层活动速率大于100 m/Ma，伸展率达到4% 就会有好烃源岩发育；典型咸化水体中，沉降速率达到20 m/Ma，沉积速率/沉降速率介于0.6~1.0，伸展率达到2% 就会有好的烃源岩发育。中国近海古近系富生油凹陷中，沉降速率高值者（大于100 m/Ma）往往占凹陷的比例大于60%，断层活动速率高值者（大于100 m/Ma）占凹陷的比例大于50%。

珠江口盆地番禺4洼古近系具有较大的勘探潜力，多口钻井在古近系产出油气。将射线弹性阻抗表示为纵波阻抗和横波阻抗的函数，从道集内提取具有泊松阻抗意义的泊松反射率数据，并通过角度扫描敏感角度叠加的数据进行泊松阻抗反演，预测了珠江口盆地番禺4洼古近系砂岩平面展布。研究结果表明：①番禺4洼古近系文昌组岩性复杂，包括泥岩、炭质泥岩、粉砂岩及砂岩等，砂岩为高泊松阻抗特征，对应地震剖面上的波峰反射，泥岩为低泊松阻抗特征，对应地震剖面上的波谷反射。②不同岩性的敏感角度不同，通过正演模拟及实际资料的角度扫描，认为20°～25°叠加数据可以突出砂岩的地震响应。③研究区文昌组二段、三段和四段均有砂岩储层发育，其中文三段砂岩储层横向变化大，有利区域主要分布于A井东侧，为下一步有利勘探目标。

The Paleogene of Panyu 4 depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin has great exploration potential， and several wells produce oil and gas in Paleogene. The ray elastic impedance was expressed as a function of P-wave impedance and S-wave impedance， and Poisson reflectance data with Poisson impedance meaning were extracted from the gathers. Poisson impedance inversion was carried out through angle scanning sensitive angle stacking data， and the plane distribution of sandstone of Paleogene in Panyu 4 depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin was predicted. The results show that： （1）the lithology of Paleogene Wenchang Formation in Panyu 4 depression is complex， including mudstone，carbonaceous mudstone，siltstone and sandstone. The sandstone is characterized by high Poisson impedance， corresponding to the peak reflection on the seismic profile， and the mudstone is characterized by low Poisson impedance，corresponding to wave trough reflection on seismic profile.（2）Different lithology has different sensitive angles. Through forward modeling and angle scanning of actual data，it is considered that 20°-25° stacking data can highlight the seismic response of sandstone.（3）Sandstone reservoirs are developed in the second， third and fourth members of Wenchang Formation in the study area， the sandstone reservoirs of the third member vary greatly laterally，and the favorable areas are mainly distributed in the east of well A，which is the next favorable exploration target.

惠州运动指发生在珠江口盆地中始新世早、晚文昌期（距今43 Ma）之间的构造运动。基于地震、测井、地质、钻井等资料,综合运用断裂特征分析、剥蚀厚度恢复、岩浆作用统计、区域构造动力学比对等方法,揭示惠州运动的特征、属性及动力学机制。惠州运动主要表现为裂陷作用的南北转变和沿断裂走向的迁移、基底隆升、岩浆底辟以及地层剥蚀等。研究认为惠州运动是珠江口盆地周缘板块相互作用和岩石圈减薄过程的综合反映,特别是与岩石圈由初始张裂到快速减薄的变化、以及印度&#x02014;欧亚大陆开始硬碰撞、太平洋板块俯冲方向的变化有紧密的动力学成因联系。惠州运动对珠江口盆地古近系富生烃凹陷和烃源岩发育、沉积体系和深部优质储集层形成、油气成藏等具有重要的影响。图15表2参42

基于珠江口盆地惠州凹陷油气勘探实践，通过烃源岩地球化学指标测定、储集体发育形貌恢复及镜下岩矿表征、圈闭封盖指标实测比对、原油生物标志化合物提取、凝析气成因判别及成藏条件解剖，系统分析惠州26洼古近系恩平组油气资源潜力、大型砂砾岩优质储集层发育特性、断裂圈闭有效性及油气运聚成藏模式，总结南海东部古近系富砂砾型大中型油气田的形成条件及勘探方向。研究表明：①洼内古近系文昌组发育“面积广、厚度大”的半深湖—深湖亚相优质烃源岩，具有“早期大量生油、晚期大量排气”的典型倾油型烃源岩排烃特征，为恩平组油气成藏提供了充足的物质基础；②洼内断裂陡坡带与转换带联合控制下近源规模性砂砾岩体储集层非均质性强，具有“有利相带-颗粒组分-微裂缝”三元分级控储特性，等粒、低泥质（含量小于5%）、高含量长石组分及近断裂组合的（水下）分流河道有利于甜点储集层发育；③稳定湖泛泥岩封盖下的走滑增压型圈闭是油气保存的必备条件，斜交主应力的北东及近东西向断裂控圈效果最优；④优质烃源岩-断裂输导/封堵-砂砾岩储集层时空配置共同控制油气富集程度，自上而下划分为低充满带、过渡带和高充满带3个油气聚集单元，且近增压型通源断裂带河道主体区利于规模性油气富集。研究成果为珠江口盆地恩平组规模性富砂砾型油气藏勘探指明了新方向，并实现了油气勘探重大突破。

应用长链三环萜烷、二环倍半萜烷系列标志化合物，对珠江口盆地珠三坳陷文昌A、B凹陷3类重要烃源岩及相关原油的沉积环境和油源进行了研究。结果显示，3类烃源岩及相关原油中萜烷分布特征差异明显，这种差异性主要受控于烃源岩的沉积环境及有机质输入类型，表现在：①文昌B凹陷文昌组中深湖相烃源岩及相关原油中，长链三环萜烷以C₂₁为主峰碳，C₂₀—C₂₁—C₂₃呈山峰型分布，二环倍半萜烷高含8β(H)?升补身烷，含很低的重排补身烷和补身烷，揭示其有机质输入以低等水生生物为主，形成于偏还原的沉积环境；②文昌B凹陷文昌组浅湖相烃源岩及相关原油中，代表沉积环境和有机质输入类型的指标分布形态和相对含量具有双重特征，其母源兼有湖相低等水生生物及陆源高等植物输入贡献，形成于弱氧化—氧化的沉积环境；③文昌A凹陷恩平组浅湖相烃源岩及相关原油中，长链三环萜烷以C₂₀为主峰碳，峰形呈快速下降型，二环倍半萜烷高含重排补身烷，而含较低的8β(H)?升补身烷和补身烷，揭示其有机质输入以陆源高等植物为主，形成于偏氧化—氧化的沉积环境。

The depositional environments and the oil-source relationship of the three important source rocks and their relative oils in Wenchang A/B Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin have been elaborated by applying biomarkers of cheilanthane tricyclic terpanes and bicyclic sesquiterpanes in this article. The results suggest that the distribution characteristics of these two biomarkers in source rocks and oils are controlled by different sedimentary environments and variety inputs: (1)The mid-deep lacustrine source rocks and oils from Wenchang Formation have a very low abundance of rearrange drimanes, but a high abundance of 8β(H)-drimane, the C₂₀-C₂₁-C₂₃ tricyclic terpanes appear to have similar mountain type distribution, indicating they are dominated by Lower biological algaes and formed in a partial reducing environment. (2)The shallow lacustrine source rocks and oils from Wenchang Formation have a middle abundance of drimanes and rearrange drimanes, the C₁₉-C₂₃ tricyclic terpanes appear to be rising type distribution with C₂₃ the highest or decline gradually with C₂₀ the highest, indicating they are dominated both by lower biological algaes and high plants inputs and formed in a reduction-oxidation environment. (3)The shallow lacustrine source rocks and oils from Enping Formation have a rich abundance of rearrange drimanes, but low abundance of drimanes, and the C₁₉-C₂₆ tricyclic terpanes decline quickly with C₂₀ the highest, indicating they are dominated by high plants input and formed in an oxidation environment.