向地球深部进军、拓展深层油气资源，对于筑牢中国能源安全的资源基础具有重要的现实与战略意义，也是加大中国油气勘探开发力度的现实领域。在系统总结全球深层油气勘探开发形势和中国深层油气勘探开发进展基础上，深入分析了中国深层油气发展潜力、重点研究领域与科技攻关方向。中国深层油气资源丰富、勘探开发程度低，中西部叠合盆地深层发育的多套油气成藏组合、东部断陷盆地深洼区岩性与前中—新生界古潜山油气藏、深层页岩气等资源潜力巨大，勘探开发前景广阔，是未来重点研究领域。科技攻关方面需加强深层油气形成机制、分布规律及深部流体流动机理研究，开展基于地球物理的深部目标识别与预测、复杂地层条件优快钻井和复杂储层改造等关键技术攻关。同时，大力推动管理创新，进一步加强理论与技术、企业与部门间的协同攻关，加强勘探开发一体化、地质工程一体化的管理和运行，为深层油气高效勘探与有效开发提供有力保障。

It is of great practical and strategic importance to march deeper into the earth to explore deep oil and gas resources and to build up a solid resource base for energy security in China. There is therefore also a pragmatic imperative to increase the intensity of oil and gas exploration and development in China. Based on an exhaustive summary of the global situation in deep oil and gas exploration and development, and the progress that has already been made by China, the development potential, key research fields and scientific and technological research directions of deep oil and gas in China are comprehensively analyzed in this paper. China is rich in deep oil and gas resources, but with a generally low degree of exploration and development. There are many promising exploration and development prospects with great resource potential, such as multiple source-reservoir-cap assemblages in the deep formations of superimposed basins in Central and Western China, deep lithological reservoirs and Pre-Mesozoic-Cenozoic buried-hill reservoirs in fault basins in Eastern China, deep shale gas, etc. These are the principal directions for future exploration and development. It is necessary to strengthen research on the accumulation mechanisms and distribution laws of deep oil and gas, as well as the flow mechanisms of deep fluids, and to carry out key technical research, such as deep target identification and prediction based on geophysics, optimized fast drilling under complex formation conditions, and stimulation technologies for complex reservoirs. At the same time, it is also necessary to vigorously promote innovation in management, further enhance cooperation between theory and technology and between enterprises and departments, and to strengthen the management and operation of exploration-development integration and geology-engineering integration. This will provide strong support for the efficient exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources.

基于构造、岩心、测井等资料，采用电镜扫描、低温 N₂吸附实验、高压压汞实验、盆地模拟等手段，系统分析了川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩的沉积演化、储层特征及页岩气富集模式，明确了勘探有利区，总结了勘探成果及意义。研究结果表明：①红星地区中上二叠统的沉积演化表现为：栖霞组—茅口组三段为开阔台地相；茅四段底部为台地-陆棚相，相带变化快，茅四段顶部为斜坡-陆棚相，地层被剥蚀、南厚北薄；吴家坪组一段（吴一段）底部为海陆过渡滨岸沼泽-潟湖相，吴一段顶部为台地-斜坡-陆棚相，斜坡-陆棚相带分布范围小、相变快；吴二段为斜坡-陆棚相沉积，从早至晚依次受控于古气候、火山活动和古气候、火山活动，沉积中—晚期古生产力较高，TOC 均值大于 8.00%。②研究区茅四段及吴二段陆棚相区发育 2 套优质页岩，具有“高有机碳-高灰质”的特征，富有机质页岩厚度分别为 19 m 和25 m，孔隙类型以有机孔为主，结构以微孔和介孔为主；富碳凝灰岩薄夹层混合质页岩岩相、高碳凝灰岩薄夹层硅质页岩为优质岩相，孔隙度分别为 6.27% 和 6.43%，TOC 值分别为 10.11% 和 9.35%，含气饱和度分别为 92.59% 和 91.81%，脆性指数分别为 55.24% 和 61.19%，是地质和工程的双“甜点”段。③研究区二叠系广泛发育的层状藻为主要有机质来源；在侏罗纪主排烃期，其构造稳定、二叠系烃源岩排烃较少，中侏罗纪—早白垩纪早期为主生气期，构造活动较弱，页岩气的保存条件好，现今已完成生气过程，处于成熟—过成熟阶段，R_o值约 2.1%，勘探潜力巨大。④建南、龙驹坝、三星区块为有利勘探区，其中建南区块潜力最大；茅四段③小层及吴二段③小层为优质层系的靶窗层段。

Based on tectonic，core and logging data，a systematic analysis was conducted on the sedimentary evolution，reservoir characteristics and shale gas enrichment models of Middle-Upper Permian shale in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan Basin by means of electron microscope scanning，low-temperature N₂ adsorption experiments，high-pressure mercury pressure experiments and basin simulation，the favorable exploration areas were identified，the exploration results and significance were summarized. The results show that：（1）The sedimentary evolution of Middle-Upper Permian in Hongxing area is characterized by open platform facies in QixiaMaokou Formation；platform-shelf facies at the bottom of the fourth member of Maokou Formation，with fast facies change，while slope-shelf facies at the top of the fourth member of Maokou Formation，with strata denuded， thicker in the south and thinner in the north；marine-terrestrial transitional coastal swamp-lagoon facies at the bottom of the first member of WujiapingFormation，while platform-slope-shelf facies at the top of the first member of WujiapingFormation，with small distribution and fast facies change；slope-shelf facies in the second member of WujiapingFormation，which was controlled by paleoclimate，volcanic activity，paleoclimate，and volcanic activity from early to late，with high paleoproductivity during the middle to late sedimentary periods and average <i>TOC</i> greater than 8.00%.（2）Two sets of high-quality shales were developed in the shelf facies areas in the fourth member of Maokou Formation and the second member of Wujiaping Formation，with high organic carbon and high calcite content. Their thicknesses of organic-rich shales are 19 m and 25 m，respectively. The pores are dominated by organic pores，and the structures are mainly micropores and mesopores. The thinly interbedded mixed shale phases of carbon-rich tuff and the thinly interbedded siliceous shale phases of high carbon tuff are high-quality phases，with porosity of 6.27% and 6.43%，<i>TOC</i> of 10.11% and 9.35%，gas saturation 92.59% and 91.81%，and brittleness index of 55.24% and 61.19%，respectively. They are the dual“sweet spots”of geology and engineering.（3）The widely developed Permian stratified algae in the study area are the main source of organic matters. During the mian hydrocarbon expulsion period of Jurassic，the tectonic was stable，with less hydrocarbon expulsion of Permian hydrocarbon source rocks. Middle Jurassic to the early stage of Early Cretaceous was the main gas generation period，with weak tectonic activity and good preservation conditions for shale gas. The gas generation process has been completed and is currently in the mature to over mature stage，with a <i>R</i>_o value of about 2.1%，indicating huge exploration potential.（4）Jiannan，Longjuba and Sanshing blocks are favourable exploration areas，with Jiannan block having the greatest potential. The third sublayer of the fourth member of Maokou Formation and the third layer of the second member of Wujiaping Formation are target-window layer segments of high-quality layers.

四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井龙马溪组页岩测试获得高产工业气流，经过长时间试采，压力、产量稳定，实现了南方复杂构造、高演化程度海相页岩气的战略突破。通过对JY1井构造、岩性与龙马溪组TOC、热演化程度及矿物含量特征的分析，结合区域地质资料，得到如下启示:①与北美地区不同，在多期构造演化和抬升剥蚀背景下，构造与保存条件是页岩气富集成藏的首要条件;②龙马溪组只有下部优质烃源岩才起到滑脱作用，多期层滑和构造作用形成的网状裂缝是页岩气富集高产的关键;③上奥陶统灰岩为龙马溪组页岩气的形成起到了良好的封隔作用;④与常规气藏不同，断裂和抬升的破坏作用对优质页岩层系的影响相对较弱，对南方广大地区页岩气的勘探具有示范意义。

鄂西地区上二叠统海相页岩气资源潜力大，近年来在恩施、红星等地区获得诸多勘探发现，但不同地域页岩气勘探效果不同，储集性能、含气性等富集条件存在诸多差异。以红星区块吴家坪组二段和恩施地区大隆组为研究对象，综合利用钻井、测井、地震和实验室分析测试等资料，开展页岩气富集差异特征精细刻画和控制因素分析。研究发现：①吴家坪组二段与大隆组原始品质较为相似，富有机质页岩厚度略有差异；②吴家坪组二段储集性能、“源—储耦合”性和含气性均优于大隆组，有机质孔保存带来的储集性能差异是造成含气性差异的主要原因；③扬子周缘中—新生代强烈的构造挤压导致恩施地区大隆组初始抬升时间更早、上覆地层剥蚀量更大，页岩气保存条件相对较差；④埋深和构造样式可以有效指示现今保存条件，红星区块吴家坪组二段埋深大、发育在宽缓背斜内，较恩施地区复向斜浅埋藏的大隆组更有利于页岩气富集。综合提出勘探建议，认为两套页岩具有不同的勘探开发难点，应加强对比研究，分类施策。

The western Hubei area， which is adjacent to the Sichuan Basin， have great shale gas resources potential in the Upper Permian marine shales， and have achieved a series of exploration discoveries in recent years， such as Enshi， Hongxing and other areas. However， there are many differences in reservoir performance， gas-bearing property and other enrichment conditions， hence the shale gas display effect in different regions are diverse. Taking the Wujiaping Formation II in Hongxing block and Dalong Formation in Enshi area as the research objects， the detailed characterization of shale gas enrichment differences and analysis of controlling factors have been carried out by comprehensive use of drilling， logging， seismic and laboratory analysis and testing data. The results show that： （1） The original quality of the Wujiaping Formation II is relatively similar to that of the Dalong Formation， with a slight difference in the thickness of organic shale； （2） The reservoir performance， source-reservoir coupling and gas-bearing property of the Wujiaping Formation II are better than that of the Dalong Formation； （3） The strong Meso-Cenozoic tectonic compression around the Yangtze led to earlier initial uplift of the Dalong Formation in Enshi area， resulting in greater denudation of the overlying strata， and relatively poor shale gas preservation conditions； （4） The burial depth and structural style can effectively indicate the current preservation conditions. The Wujiaping Formation II in Hongxing block that was deeply buried and developed in a wide -gentle anticline， is more conducive to shale gas enrichment than the Dalong Formation， which is shallowly buried in the complex syncline in Enshi area. There have different structural styles and preservation conditions for two sets of shale in the two areas， which bring different difficulties in exploration and development. Therefore， comparative research should be strengthened and classified practical methods should be taken from the perspective of accelerating exploration and development.