Genesis and prediction of carbonate reservoirs has been one of the hot spots of petroleum exploration and geology research. It is shown that deposition of carbonate reservoirs is mainly related to the environments of the barrier island and the edge zone behind it and is controlled by the atmosphere fresh water leaching,dolomitization,paleokarstification, buried dissolution and so on in Tarim, Ordos and Sichuan Basins. The carbonate reservoirs can be divided into four types： (a) atmosphere freshwater leaching reef and shoal limestone reservoir, (b) paleokarstified reef and shoal limestone reservoir, (c)dolomitizied reef and shoal dolostone reservoir and (d)paleokarstified anhydrite dolostone reservoir in these mentioned basins. A comprehensive genesis-prediction model of barrier-related carbonate reservoir is put forward. The reef and shoal zone along platform edge that builds the barrier island is the areas favorable for (a) to(c) typed reservoirs, while the edge flat zone of evaporation basin behind the berrier island is the area favorable for (c) typed reservoir.