Hydrocarbon resource distributing in the organic reef areas all over the world is so rich that it is estimated that it will exceed 5 billion tons of oil. With continuous development of the oil exploration and production, hydrocarbon resource in bioherm reservoirs will increase greatly. The recent oil exploration situation of bioherm reservoirs in the world is reviewed. South China Sea is the largest marginal sea in China and various kinds of organic reefs existed and buried in it. The peculiar geological conditions and the favorable bioherm reservoir conditions contribute to a good prospect for oil exploration. It is suggested that exploration and development should be regarded to the oil and gas resources of bioherm reservoirs in South China Sea.