The petroleum resource of Asian Tethyan tectonic domain mainly distributes in the south part of west Asia, secondly in the north region of west Asia and in the middle southeast Asia, the last in central Asia. Geological characteristics of lithofacies paleogeography in Tethyan realm is analyzed, and several corresponding maps of lithofacies paleogeography are compiled. It can be seen that the majority of the petroleum reserves in foreland basins and pericratonic basins in the areas between the palaeoequator and the 45° palaeolatitude. The basin morphology tends to be associated with the sedimentary-tectonic environments such as platforms, and ring and linear depressions. The preservation of the above-mentioned basins may be considered as a prerequisite to basinwide petroleum assessment. The authors also point out the mainly new domains of hydrocarbon exploration in the south zone, central zone and north zone of Asian Tethyan tectonic domain.