Based on analysis of the regional geology and the seismic interpretation, it is deemed that tectonic evolution from extension to compression in Tazhong Arch was controlled by activity of the south margin of the Tarim plate during early Paleozoic time. Extension and rifting occurred in the north margin of Tazhong Arch under the control of extension in passive continent margin during Cambrian to early Ordovician time. The thrust nappe and strike-slip deformation formed from late Ordovician to late Devonian. The foreland thrust deformation was propagated from southeast to northwest during late Ordovician time, which resulted in two detachment layers. One is the Cambrian evaporite layer and the other is the ductile layer in the middle crust. The thrusting uplifted the inner dolostone reservoirs in the detachment layers be shallow, which advanced the achievement of hydrocarbon accumulation and also becomes the potential reservoirs that is easy to drill now. it is suggested to pay an attention to oil exploration of the primary paleo-reservoirs that are located at the hanging wall of thrust faults or are capped by Middle-Upper Ordovician rocks.