The Silurian strata distributed in the Western Hubei-Eastern Chongqing area were counted once as source rock or cap rock for a long time due to low mature prospecting but the past concept has changed with discovering high-pressured commercial gas flow in Well JS-1 in this area. By analysis of the hydrocarbon accumulation and the fluid behavior tracing from isotope δ13C，δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr，it is shown that the Silurian strata are characterized by self-source hydrocarbon and self-reserving conditions with relatively independent fluid sealing, which is the dominant causation to bring on several abnormally high-pressured fluid compartments from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi and Xiaoheba Formations to the Middle Silurian Hanjiadian Formation. In the whole evolution process, the Silurian hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation have been well under control of the Silurian compartments which were formed before Early Yanshanian, reformed during the middle to late phases of Early Yanshanian and shaped during Late Yanshan-Himalayan periods.