Jianchang area is a small residual structural basin that is located in western Liaoning province. The Mesoproterozoic Tieling and Hongshuizhuang Formations and Neoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation are the main source rocks in this basin. The determination of organic geochemistry indexes shows that the Hongshuizhuang argillaceous shale, Tieling shale and most of Xiamaling shale reach to the medium to good grades of hydrocarbon source rock. If there are opening fractures and unconformity surfaces being hydrocarbon pathways, these source rocks can match with marine and transitional facies carbonate and sandstone reservoirs into favorite source-reservoir-seal assemblages. Due to Mesozoic intensive nappe tectonism experienced during the Indosinian and Yanshan movements, many types of structural traps could develop. Combined with the analysis of oil-source correlation, it is shown that primary Meso-Neoproterozoic oil reservoirs would develop and consequently a hydrocarbon accumulation model is suggested.