Afghan-Tajik Basin is located in the Tethys petroliferous belt in central Asia.The generally NNE-trending basin can be divided into seven tectonic units with the uplift/depression in-between style.The sedimentary cover is divided into post-salt and pre-salt structural formations by the Upper Jurassic salt rock as décollement structure in the basin.The post-salt formation is heavily deformed but the pre-salt formation remains gentle relief.Owing to the rifting and the depression during early Jurassic to late Oligocene as well as the collision during Miocene to Quaternary,several favorable source-reservoir-cap assemblages develop in longitudinal,in which there are three sets of main hydrocarbon source rock,including Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-bearing clastic rock,Cretaceous marine mudstone and carbonate rock,and Eocene mudstone.Middle and Upper Jurassic Carbonate rock,Paleocene biogenic limestone and Cretaceous and Paleogene sandstone play the roles of the good reservoir rocks.The Jurassic carbonate reservoirs are sealed by the overlying gypsum-salt rock and the Cretaceous and Paleogene reservoirs are sealed by the overlying marine clays and marls.Most of up-salt traps are the thrust-related anticlines that are long and narrow in small scale.The sub-salt traps are structure-related or reefs-related ones that may distribute in large scale,which are regarded as being favorable to forming large oil and gas reservoirs.Some pre-salt plays are proposed.