According to the 2D and 3D seismic data from the deepwater area, it is interpreted that several stages of tectonic-sedimentary evolution have undergone in Rovuma Basin. Fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary environments developed during Permian to Early Jurassic Gondwana intracontinental-intercontinental rifting. Marine-continental transitional sedimentary environment developed during Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Madagascar drifting. Deep-water gravity flow deposits widely developed in the slope, and extended to Davie Ridge, during Late Cretaceous to Oligocene passive continental margin stage. Deep-water gravity flow and abyssal argillaceous deposits developed in both the slope and Kerimbas Graben during Miocene to Quaternary faulting of the East African Rift System Sea Branch. A“fault-depression-fault” structure pattern that formed in vertical in the basin just brought from the important Permian-Early Jurassic and Miocene-Quaternary riftings. The marine mudstone deposited during Madagascar drifting is the chief source rock and the Paleogene deepwater turbidite sand body in the slope acts as the main reservoirs. The faulting of East African Rift System connects the underlying source rocks with Paleogene reservoirs in the western slope, thus oil and gas accumulate generally in the western slope where faults have hardly developed late.