The recent petroleum exploration in the southwest of Tarim Basin is concentrated on the Ordovician carbonate rocks, but the exploration effect is not ideal. Based on the analysis of drilling and the key elements of hydrocarbon accu-mulation, different exploration strata in the study area were evaluated. Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are underdevel-oped, and the hydrocarbon is poorly packed according to the oil and gas shows. Cambrian has a large-scale petroleum potential of self-generated and self-stored reservoir. Cambrian hydrocarbon source is abundant, and the middle-lower Cambrian dolomite reservoir is superior to the Ordovician limestone, and the salt cap layer is extensively developed with few faults involved. On the north slope of the paleo-uplift, especially in Hetianhe gas field and its periphery, it is expect-ed to get a new oil and gas breakthough in the middle-lower Cambrian dolomite.