Based on the field outcrop observation and measurement, thin section observation under microscope, grain size analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, the petrological characteristics and sedimentary environment of Changzhougou Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System in Licheng, Shanxi are systematically analyzed. The results show that: (1) The Changzhougou Formation in Licheng is mainly composed of quartz sandstone and feldspar quartz sandstone, with a small amount of shale or sandy mudstone. Its compositional maturity and structural maturity are high, and it is the deposition of clastic tidal flat. (2) Changzhougou Formation can be divided into three members according to lithology and combination characteristics: the first member is mainly composed of fine-grained quartz sandstone, which is deposited in subtidal zone; the second member is mainly composed of quartz sandstone and feldspathic quartz sandstone, which is deposited in supratidal zone-intertidal sand flat; the third member is mainly composed of fine-grained quartz sandstone with a small amount of feldspathic quartz sandstone, which is deposited in subtidal zone-intertidal mixed flat. (3) The overall hydrodynamic performance of Changzhougou Formation is a change process of strong-weak-strong-weak. A tidal flat sedimentary model of clastic rocks of barrier coastal facies is established.