There are abundant oil and gas resources and geothermal resources in microbial dolomite reservoirs of Wumishan Formation in Renqiu buried hill, Jizhong Depression, but the characteristics and main controlling factors of the high-quality reservoirs are not clear, which constrained the exploration and development process. Based on the outcrop, drilling core, petrographic thin section, logging data and experimental analysis data, the characteristics as well as types of microbial dolomite reservoirs in Wumishan Formation are investigated, and the controlling factors and evolution of high quality reservoirs are generalized. The reservoirs in Wumishan Formation dominated by microbial dolomite, which associated with the microbial mound and shoal. The microbial dolomites consist of stromatolite dolomite, thrombolite dolomite, laminite dolomite, oncolite dolomite, while the microbial related granular dolomites are mainly dolarenite and dolorudite. The storage space of microbial dolomite can be divided into three types(pores, fractures, vugs), and the reservoirs overall have poor physical properties with average porosity of 3.55， and average permeability of 0.89×10-3 μm2, which belongs to the pore-vug-fracture composite type with the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability. The microbial dolomite reservoir can be divided into type I, type II, and type III, different types of reservoirs have big differences in lithology and physical property. Depositional environment are the basis of reservoir formation and evolution, which controls the facies distribution and the porosity development. Dissolution are the key to the formation of multiple types of reservoir space, which determine the modification and distribution of the reservoirs. Tectonic disruption is an important complement to form effective storage space, for the structural fractures generated by tectonic disruption are constructive for the reservoir properties in increasing the reservoir physical property and the seepage ability. Analysis shows that the evolution of the microbial dolomite reservoirs of Wumishan Formation in the study area can be mainly divided into five stages: sedimentation-penecontemporaneous pore formation stage, phaseⅠsupergene pore increasement stage, shallow burial pore reduction stage, fold and fault transformation phaseⅡsupergene pore increasement stage, deep burial pore reduction stage. The combined effects of multiple factors ultimately formed a porosity of 2， to 5， today.