In order to study the distribution pattern of oil and gas above the oil source fault-regional mudstone caprock configuration (fault-caprock configuration) in petroliferous basins, a set of prediction methods for the distribution of leakage periods was established based on qualitative analysis of the leakage mechanism. Firstly, determine the location of oil and gas leakage in the fault-caprock configuration, that is, where the joint thickness of caprock between upper and lower walls of fault (Hf) is less than the minimum required for the fracture segment connection (Hf-l). Secondly, determine the beginning time of sealing failure, that is, according to a study spot in the fault, when its Hf is firstly less than the Hf-l. Then, determine the starting time of fault rock sealing, that is, when the displacement pressure of fault rock is firstly greater than that of the underlying reservoir rock. Finally, the combination of the three can determine the spatiotemporal distribution of oil and gas leakage in the fault-caprock configuration. The leakage period is between the beginning time of sealing failure and the beginning time of fault rock sealing. The application results of the example show that for the fault caprock configuration of the Nandagang fault and the mudstone caprock in the middle section of the Shahejie Member 1 in the Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, the oil and gas leakage to the overlying Dongying Member 3 is mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts, from the middle period of Guantao Formation to the early Quaternary with a relatively long duration. This is very favorable for the hydrocarbon's accumulation in Dongying Member 3 generated by the source rocks of underlying Shahejie Member 3. The analysis results are consistent with the current oil and gas display in Dongying Member 3 at the Nandagang fault, proving that this method is feasible for predicting the distribution of leakage periods in fault-caprock configuration.