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Tectonic-sedimentary evolution characteristics of small cratons in the extension-convergence cycle: a case study of the Sinian-Ordovician in the Tarim Basin, NW China
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ZHU Yongjin, PhD, Senior Engineer, mainly engaged in research on lithofacies paleogeographic reconstruction and exploration field evaluation of carbonate rocks. Add: No.920 Xixi Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China. E-mail: zhuyj_hz@petrochina.com.cn |
Received date: 2025-11-10
Revised date: 2025-11-24
Online published: 2026-03-12
The extensional-convergent tectonic cycle is commonly developed in the carbonate strata of the middle-lower assemblages within small cratons in central and western China. It not only governs the sedimentary differentiation and filling processes but also provides the core driving mechanism for the development and spatio-temporal arrangement of fundamental petroleum geological elements in deep-ultra-deep domains.Taking the Neoproterozoic-Ordovician in the Tarim Basin as an example,by leveraging 42 newly acquired and spliced seismic lines, a 3D data volume spanning 56 000 km² in the Tazhong-Tabei area, more than 70 wells, C-O isotope data (sampled at 5-10 m intervals), and over ten thousand cuttings (core) thin sections, we reconstruct the tectonic-paleogeographic background during key tectonic transformation (sub) stages. Subsequently, lithofacies paleogeographic maps are meticulously compiled in sequence units to clarify the platform type conversions and sedimentary differentiation characteristics within the extensional-convergent cycle and to determine the reservoir-forming assemblages.The results indicate that: (1) The differential sedimentary filling of two types of Nanhua Period paleo-rifts, combined with the inherited paleo-uplifts and the (syndepositional) paleo-uplifts formed by convergent compression in the Middle-Late Ordovician, jointly constitute the foundation for tectonic-paleogeogeographic differentiation. (2) The Sinian-Ordovician can be divided into one first-order sequence and four second-order tectonic sequences, corresponding respectively to four evolutionary stages: the rift-depression transition stage, the cratonic extensional construction stage, the extensional-convergent transition stage, and the convergent strong differentiation-drowned platform stage. During this period, the tectonic-paleogeographic background and paleo-sea level fluctuations controlled the orderly succession and development of muddy slopes, carbonate slopes, rimmed platforms, and drowned platforms. (3) Six sets of large-scale source rocks were developed within the extension-convergence cycle. These source rocks, together with the following five assemblages, constitute five types of source-reservoir-cap assemblages: mudstone of the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation-dolomite of the Upper Sinian, gypsum-salt rock of the Cambrian Miaolingian Series-dolomite of the Cambrian Series 2, tight carbonate rocks and mudstone of the Lower Ordovician-weathered crust of dolomite of the Cambrian Furongian Series, Sangtamu mudstone of the Upper Ordovician-fault-controlled karst weathered crust of the Middle-Upper Ordovician and slope-facies mudstone-collapse body of the Cambrian Furongian Series.
ZHU Yongjin , LI Wenzheng , YANG Pengfei , ZHENG Jianfeng , CHEN Yongquan , YU Guang , XIONG Ran , ZHANG You , WANG Yongsheng . Tectonic-sedimentary evolution characteristics of small cratons in the extension-convergence cycle: a case study of the Sinian-Ordovician in the Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2026 , 31(1) : 1 -16 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2026.01.001
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