应用地震沉积学对中国西部深层古老海相碳酸盐岩进行分析,将岩心、测井和三维地震资料的综合解释纳入地震沉积学研究流程,定性恢复碳酸盐岩沉积古地貌,定量预测白云岩储集层厚度。四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区寒武系龙王庙组形成于碳酸盐台地相沉积环境,岩相包括从白云石化颗粒岩到泥质岩几乎所有类型,主要发育颗粒滩、潟湖和深水陆棚亚相,其中高孔隙度（大于4%）储集层主要发育在滩相沉积中。采用地震地貌学研究思路,利用印模法和残厚法并经钻井资料标定,重建龙王庙组沉积古地貌。研究认为,帚状断裂体系控制了古地貌和沉积相展布。采用地震岩性学研究思路,引入多频道振幅主因子计算高孔隙度储集层厚度,定量确定相边界;优选反映岩体内部横向变化的相似性方差地震属性,刻画碳酸盐岩溶蚀成岩相。研究表明,将地震地貌学和地震岩性学相结合的研究思路行之有效,可为其他盆地中的碳酸盐岩地震沉积学研究提供参考。图13参32

地震沉积学是地震地层学和层序地层学的延续发展。最近10多年来,地震沉积学研究受到人们的高度重视,在地震沉积学理论、陆相碎屑沉积砂体、海相沉积砂体、碳酸盐岩和混积岩刻画、地震成岩相预测、砂体精细表征和开发地质应用、地球物理新方法新技术、RGB(Red-Green-Blue)地震属性融合、储集层预测技术以及三维可视化技术雕刻地质体等10个方面取得了长足进展。未来地震沉积学应该关注地震地貌学理论模型、地震岩性学新方法、勘探地震沉积学、开发地震沉积学、地球物理反演新方法和人工智能技术等方面的研究,不断完善地震沉积学理论方法,拓展地震沉积学在油气勘探开发等领域的应用,助力油气勘探开发提高经济效益。

The seismic sedimentology is a continuous development of seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,and has been paid much attention in recent ten years,especially in its principle,continental and marine classic sedimentary sandbodies,carbonate and mixed deposits,prediction of seismic diagenetic facies,fine characterization of sandbodies,new geophysical methods and techniques,RGB fusion of seismic attributes,and 3D visualization carving geobodies,<em>etc.</em> The future development of seismic sedimentology should concentrate on seismic geomorphological model,new method of seismic lithology,seismic sedimentology for exploration and exploitation, geophysical inversion methods,and artificial intelligent technology,<em>etc.</em> The gradually improvement of theory and methods in seismic sedimentology as well as the extended application of seismic sedimentology in hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation will increase its economic efficiency.

Based on the principles to respect believable and higher precise paleomagnetic data of blocks and to pay attention to the similarity of paleobiogeography and the coordination of tectonic evolution, the paleomagnetic data of Chinese continental blocks and adjacent areas for Paleozoic and Triassic were collected, the Chinese continental blocks were laid up on the reconstruction of global paleo-continents with similar scale. Thus, it can be clearly recognized that the global continents located at near equator and southern hemisphere, showed the characteristics of range along latitude; Chinese continental blocks still located among the Laurentia, Siberia and Gondwana in Paleozoic; following the fast moving of Siberia plate to northwards, the amalgamation in north-south direction at the western parts of Laurentia and Gondwana, subducted the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans, until to form the uniform Pangea in the late stage of Paleozoic; however Australia and India plates in eastern Gondwana move and disperse gradually to southwards, to extend crust and form the Paleo-Tethys Ocean; the Chinese continental blocks and adjacent blocks still located in Paleo-Tethys Ocean, preserved the status of dispersion, gradually moving to northwards, showed the characteristics of range along north-south orientation, until Carboniferous and Triassic a series of local collisions happened in Tianshan-Hing'anling, Kunlun, Qinling-Dabie, Jingshajiang and Shaoxing-Shiwandashan zones, thus the most part of Chinese continental blocks amalgamated to Eurasia continent.

<p>The Cambrian platform bank or shore reservoir is an important petroleum exploration target in Sichuan Basin,so it is important for the oil and gas exploration to accurately predict the occurrence,reservoir performance and distribution patterns of the sedimentary facies. The study of Cambrian palaeogeography and tectonic-depositional environment is the key to reservoir prediction. Based on the field measurement of profiles,drilling and logging analysis and seismic data,with the thought of mobilistic tectonics-palaeogeography, the maps of the Cambrian tectonic-depositional environment,which can reflect the palaeogeography and basin evolution in Sichuan Basin, have been drawn by analyzing the sedimentary geology conditions,regional well profiles,stratigraphic thickness and sedimentary facies and so on. From the maps it can be seen that it was relatively higher in the west and north,lower in the east and south of Sichuan Basin during the Cambrian. The shore land and tidal flat facies were developed in the western basin; and inner gentle slope,platform and platform marginal shoal facies were developed in the middle and eastern of study area. The response of sedimentary facies evolution in space and time is: the restricted platform in the Meishucun Age of Early Cambrian&rarr;clastic platform and deep basin in the Qiongzhusi Age of Early Cambrian &rarr; shore-mixd platform in the Canglangpu Age of Early Cambrian&rarr;carbonate ramp in the Longwangmiao Age of the Early Cambrian &rarr; the evaporation and limited rimmed platform in the Douposi Age of the Middle Cambrian &rarr; the mature rimmed platform in the Xixiangchi Age of the Middle-Late Cambrian. Among the above,the Qiongzhusi Formation was a thick bed of source rocks;the Longwangmiao and Xixiangchi Formations were benefied to forming carbonate reservoirs;gypsum rocks formed in the Longwangmiao and the Douposi Formations were good caps.</p>

塔里木盆地寒武系发育大面积膏盐岩盖层，盐下发育大面积优质烃源岩、大面积优质白云岩储层，丰富的油气资源和良好的成藏条件使其成为塔里木盆地天然气勘探的重大战略接替领域。塔里木盆地的寒武系盐下勘探领域在不同地区的生-储-盖空间配置关系、构造稳定性、断裂发育状况和保存条件存在很大不同，这不仅控制了寒武系盐下的成藏及演化，而且决定了气藏能否得以保存，最终决定着寒武系盐下大气藏的有利发育区带和勘探突破方向。塔里木盆地寒武系盐下的生-储-盖配置可划分为生-储-盖叠置、生-储叠置、储-盖叠置3种类型；保存条件可划分为盖层完整持续稳定、盖层完整中期稳定、盖层完整持续活动、缺乏区域盖层持续稳定4种类型；成藏区带可划分为原位持续成藏、原位调整成藏、稳定古隆起多期成藏、活动古隆起晚期成藏4种类型。在生-储-盖叠置、构造演化持续稳定、未受断层破坏的良好保存区，即原位持续成藏区是塔里木盆地寒武系盐下寻找大气区的有利勘探方向，在该有利区带内，肖尔布拉克组的大型孤立白云岩台内滩是大气藏勘探突破的最有利目标。

A large area of gypsum-salt cap rocks are developed in the Cambrian strata of Tarim Basin, as well as a large scale of high-quality pre-salt source rocks and dolostone reservoirs. Depending on abundant hydrocarbon resources and good accumulation conditions, the Cambrian strata have become a successive field with important strategic significance during gas exploration in Tarim Basin. The source-reservoir-cap configuration, structural stability, fault development and preservation condition in Cambrian pre-salt exploration fields are quite different in various areas of Tarim Basin. This not only controls the pre-salt hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution in the Cambrian, but also determines whether the gas reservoirs can be preserved, and eventually points out the favorable areas and breakthrough direction for exploring the Cambrian pre-salt reservoirs. The Cambrian pre-salt source-reservoir-cap configuration can be divided into three superimposition types of source-reservoir-cap, source-reservoir and reservoir-cap. In addition, there are four types of preservation conditions including the continuously stable and intact cap rock, the intact cap rock only stable in the middle stage, the intact and continuously active cap rock, and the lack of regional cap rock with sustainable stability. There are four hydrocarbon accumulation patterns involving in-situ sustainable accumulation, in-situ accumulation after adjustment, multistage accumulation in the stable paleo-uplift, and later accumulation in the active paleo-uplift. The well-preserved area characterized with source-reservoir-cap superimposition, sustained and stable tectonic evolution, and no destroy from faults, i.e., the in-situ sustainable accumulation zone, indicates the favorable prospecting direction in the giant gas area of the Cambrian pre-salt fields. In this area, the isolated intraplatform shoal of Xiaoerbulake Formation is the most favorable target for achieving a breakthrough in giant gas reservoir exploration.

通过对桐湾运动性质、期次的分析，利用地震、钻井、露头等资料，采用“残余厚度法”与“印模法”刻画四川盆地筇竹寺组沉积前的侵蚀谷地貌形态，分析其油气成藏条件。四川盆地及邻区在晚震旦世—早寒武世发生了桐湾运动，共可分为3幕，均表现为区域性抬升与剥蚀，形成了3个假整合面。受其影响，在四川盆地中南部形成了近南北向展布的规模较大的德阳—泸州侵蚀谷，充填厚度较大的麦地坪组和筇竹寺组，成为寒武系烃源岩重要的生烃中心，与灯影组灯四段、灯二段两套风化壳岩溶储集层构成良好的成藏组合条件，有利于形成大气田，勘探潜力大。侵蚀谷成因机制与演化历史分析表明，震旦纪末期桐湾运动Ⅱ幕的逆冲-褶皱隆升、剥蚀作用以及早寒武世早期快速海侵背景下的拉张作用是形成侵蚀谷的关键。图10参15

Through analyzing the nature and periods of Tongwan tectonization, by using seismic data, drilling data and outcrop data, the pre-Qiongzhusi Formation eroded paleo-geomorphology was described with remaining thickness and moldic methods, and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions were analyzed. The Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas experienced Tongwan tectonization from late Sinian to early Cambrian which include three episodes that all manifested as regional uplift and erosion, forming three disconformities. Affected by that movement, a large scale Deyang-Luzhou eroded valley in N-S direction was formed in Central-Southern Sichuan Basin. In the valley, thick Maidiping Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation are important Cambrian source kitchens; they form good source-reservoir combinations with two sets of weathering karst reservoirs in Deng 2 and Deng 4 Member in Sinian Dengying Formation, favorable for the formation of large gas field with huge resource potential. The analysis of forming mechanism and evolution history of the eroded valley shows the thrusting-fold uplifting and erosion in the second episode of Tongwan tectonization in late Sinian period, and the extensional movement in the background of rapid marine transgression in early Cambrian are key to the formation of the eroded valley.

利用地质、地球物理和钻井资料编制中国主要克拉通盆地长城系、蓟县系和南华系残余厚度图，初步查明中-新元古代裂谷分布。华北和扬子克拉通中-新元古代裂谷中心以一套由粗快速变细的裂陷层序为标志，从目前的裂谷期地层等时对比格架上判断，现今鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地腹部的中-上元古界烃源岩均不如盆地覆盖区外的裂谷中心区域发育。塔里木克拉通南部和北部新元古代裂谷则具有不同的展布特征、形成时间和成因演化，塔里木南部的裂谷活动与以华南大陆（由扬子克拉通和华夏克拉通构成）为中心的地幔柱作用有关，而塔里木北部的裂谷主要形成于罗迪利亚超大陆外侧泛大洋俯冲引起的弧后伸展作用。塔里木南部裂谷开启时间较华南晚约20~40 Ma，但比塔里木北部提前至少40 Ma。前寒武纪裂谷演化对早寒武世沉积盆地具有重要的控制，使得后者具有&ldquo;向前相似&rdquo;而不是&ldquo;向后相似&rdquo;的特点。在塔里木和扬子，早寒武世盆地与南华纪-震旦纪裂谷盆地具有显著的继承性关系；在华北，青白口纪裂谷活动中心向东南缘移位控制了早寒武世盆地的发育位置和海侵方向。就目前的研究程度而言，中国古老克拉通前寒武纪裂谷的类型和分布特征仍显示出动力学上的多样性和复杂性，因而在充填演化和勘探价值研究上也有不同的观点和结论。近期研究除应继续加强地球物理资料处理，以更精细落实盆地覆盖区隐伏裂谷和裂陷外，也应重点开展裂谷期层序识别、地层对比和充填模式建立工作，努力解决前寒武纪裂谷类型及其演化的动力学问题，以恢复与烃源岩沉积阶段的盆地原型，查明烃源岩分布规律。

Geologic, geophysical and drilling data were used to prepare the thickness distribution maps of Changchengian, Jixian and Nanhuan systems in China's major craton basins, so as to preliminarily prove the distribution of Precambrian rift. The Precambrian rift centers of North China and Yangtze cratons are embodied by a set of rift sequence rapidly changing from coarse to fine. It is judged from isochronal comparison framework of the existing rifting strata that the Meso-Neoproterozic source rocks in Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin hinterland were less developed than the rift center areas beyond the basin coverage. However, the Neoproterozoic rifts in the southern and northern Tarim Basin have different distribution patterns, formation ages and genetic evolutions. The rifting in the southern Tarim Basin was related to the mantle plume effect with South China continent (constituted by Yangtze Craton and Huaxia Craton) as the center, while the rifts in the northern Tarim Basin were mainly formed by the back-arc expanding due to Panthalassa subduction around the Rodinia supercontinent. The rifts in the southern Tarim Basin were opened later than Huanan by 20-40 Ma, but earlier than the northern Tarim Basin by 40 Ma. The Precambrian rift evolution played an important role in controlling the Early Cambrian sedimentary basins, for which the latter is characterized by "forward similarity" rather than "backward similarity". In Tarim and Yangtze areas, Precambrian basins had significant inheritances from Nanhua-Sinian rift basins. In North China, Qingbaikou rifting center migrated towards southeast, controlling the development location and transgressive direction of the Early Cambrian basin. Based on the current researches, the development location, scale and distribution characteristics of Precambrian rift in China's old cratons still show a diversity and complexity in dynamics, leading to different views and conclusions on filling evolution and exploration values. Besides enhancing seismic data processing to further pinpoint concealed rifts within the basin, recent researches should also focus on rifting sequence identification, stratigraphic correlation and filling modeling, attempting to determine the Precambrian rift types and solve evolutionary dynamic problems, so as to restore the basin prototype in the stages closely related to hydrocarbon-generation and prove the distribution laws of source rocks.

华北克拉通广泛发育中&mdash;新元古界，其中又以长城系分布最为广泛。以华北克拉通南缘长城系为研究对象，通过同位素年代学及岩石学综合分析，认为熊耳裂谷为响应于Columbia超大陆裂解的地幔柱裂谷。地震资料显示被显生宇覆盖的鄂尔多斯盆地南部及沁水盆地均发育长城系裂谷，分别为大型箕状断陷型裂谷和地堑型裂谷。航磁资料揭示熊耳裂谷以西发育NE向裂谷，沁水盆地裂谷属于熊耳裂谷北支的延伸。长城系裂谷的充填过程可分为4个阶段：裂陷早期发育巨厚安山质火山岩，裂陷晚期发育大套粗碎屑沉积岩，坳陷期发育细粒沉积岩，陆表海期开始沉积碳酸盐岩。坳陷期崔庄组和陈家涧组发育暗色泥岩，其中崔庄组黑色页岩为有效烃源岩。洛峪口组白云岩裂缝中可见沥青充填，龙家园组见溶蚀孔及大型溶洞。中&mdash;下寒武统泥质砂岩、泥质灰岩可作为有效的盖层，与下伏崔庄组烃源岩、洛峪群储集层构成长城系潜在成藏组合，该组合现今仍可能有效。

The Meso-Neoproterozoic are wildly developed in North China Craton (NCC)with the distribution of Changchengian being the most extensive. Taking the Changchengian in the south NCC as study object, coupled with the isotopic chronological and petrological analyses, it suggests that the Xiong'er rift is a plume rift responding to the dispersion of Columbia supercontinent. Seismic data show that the Changchengian in southern part of Ordos Basin and Qinshui Basin covered by Phanerozoic strata respectively developed half graben-like rifts and garben rifts. Aeromagnetic data indicate that a rift system with strike of NE developed in the west to Xiong'er rift and the Qinshui Basin rift is the extension of the north branch of Xiong'er rift. The filling process of rifts can be divided into four stages. The early rift stage developed thick andesitic volcanic rocks; the later rift stage developed coarse clastic rocks; the sag stage developed relative fine clastic rocks; and epeiric sea stage developed carbonate rocks. Cuizhuang and Chenjiajian formations of sag stage developed dark argillaceous rocks and the black shale in Cuizhuang Formation is evaluated as effective source rock. Bitume was observed in the crack of dolostone of Luoyukou Formation. Longjiayuan Formation developed dissolved pores and large vugs. The argillaceous sandstone and muddy limestone of Lower Cambrian is the well cap rocks. These strata together with the underlying source rock in Cuizhuang Formation and reservoir in Luoyu Group, constitute the potential accumulation assemblage of Changchengian which could be still effective at present.

利用钻井和地震资料,在上扬子克拉通德阳-安岳地区发现晚震旦世-早寒武世克拉通内裂陷,受张性断裂控制,呈NNW向展布,南北长320 km、东西宽50~300 km。裂陷演化经历了形成期、发展期、消亡期3个阶段,形成有利的近源成藏组合。研究结果表明:1晚震旦世灯影组沉积期为裂陷形成期,裂陷内发育槽盆相沉积,两侧发育台地边缘相丘滩体,控制了灯影组优质储层的形成与分布;2早寒武世梅树村组沉积期-筇竹寺组沉积期为裂陷发展期,充填500~1000 m的深水陆棚相泥质岩,是优质烃源岩沉积期;3沧浪铺组沉积期为裂陷消亡期,经填平补齐,结束了克拉通内裂陷的演化历史。克拉通内裂陷是安岳特大型气田形成的关键因素,裂陷内优质烃源岩为特大型气田提供了充足的气源,在晚燕山期-喜马拉雅期川中古隆起西部快速隆升过程中形成区域性侧向封堵,有利于裂陷东翼的高石梯-磨溪地区特大型气田的保存。克拉通内裂陷及其大气田成藏作用对古老克拉通盆地深层油气勘探有重要的参考价值。

According to the drilling and seismic data,the Late Sinian-Early Cambrian intra-cratonic rift was found in Deyang-Anyue area of the Upper Yangtze craton.This rift is controlled by tensional fault and distributed in NNW trending with the NS length of 320 km and EW width of 50-300 km.After three stages of rift evolution,i.e.,the forming stage,developing stage and dying stage,a favorable near-source accumulation assemblage was formed.The research results indicate that:(1) the sedimentary stage of Late Sinian Dengying Formation is the rift forming stage,during which trough-basin facies sedimentation is developed in the rift,while platform marginal facies mounds and shoals are developed on both side,controlling the formation and distribution of high-quality reservoirs in Dengying Formation;(2) the sedimentation stage of Early Cambrian Meishucun-Qiongzhusi Formation is the rift development stage,during which deep-water continental shelf facies argillaceous rocks are filled in the rift with a thickness of 500-1000 m,indicating the sedimentation stage of high-quality source rocks;(3) the sedimentation stage of Canglangpu Formation is the rift dying stage,terminating the evolution history of intra-cratonic rift by gap filling.The intra-cratonic rift is a key factor for the formation of Anyue giant gas field,where the high-quality source rocks provide abundant gases for the giant gas field.A regional lateral sealing occurred during the rapid rising of the western paleo-uplift in Central Sichuan during the Late Yanshan-Himalayan period,favorable to the preservation of the Gaoshiti-Moxi giant gas field on the east wing of the rift.The intra-cratonic rift and its role in giant gas accumulation provides a significant reference for deep oil and gas exploration in paleo-craton basins.

以四川盆地乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系古老碳酸盐岩气藏为研究对象,通过系统分析气藏储集层、天然气组分及气藏类型、油气成藏条件与成藏演化等,研究了震旦系古老碳酸盐岩气藏成藏过程。乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系灯影组已发现6个气藏,气藏储集岩类、储集层类型基本一致,均具有高温、常压、强非均质性特征,但不同层段气藏类型、古隆起不同部位气藏天然气组成及碳同位素组成等方面具有明显差异。古隆起震旦系灯影组天然气属于油裂解气,主要为灯影组自身烃源岩与寒武系筇竹寺组烃源岩的混源气,良好的烃源岩、储集层、源储组合与输导条件决定了灯影组气藏的形成和保存。古隆起区灯影组气藏的形成经历了古油藏生成、古油藏裂解、气藏的调整与定型3个阶段,受古隆起形成及不同部位构造差异演化影响,气藏形成具有3种不同的天然气聚集成藏过程。图8表2参25

The old Sinian carbonate reservoir in the Leshan-Longn&#x000fc;si paleohigh was taken as a research object to study the process of gas accumulation in the Sinian reservoir through analysis of gas reservoir characteristics, gas composition, gas reservoir types, accumulation condition and evolution. The results show that the reservoir lithology and type are almost the same in the six gas pools discovered in the Leshan-Longn&#x000fc;si paleohigh. All the gas reservoirs are characterized by high temperature, ordinary pressure, and intense heterogeneity. The gas reservoir type in different layers and the gas compositions and carbon isotopes in different locations vary obviously. The gas of Sinian Dengying Formation, originated from oil cracking, is mixed gas mainly from source rocks of Sinian Dengying Formation as well as Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation. The source and reservoir condition, their combination and fluid transporting conditions are favorable, which can determine the gas accumulation and preservation in Dengying Formation. The Sinian gas reservoirs are believed to have been accumulated by the following processes: paleo-oil accumulation, paleo-oil cracking, and gas reservoir adjustment and finalization. There are three processes of gas accumulation in the reservoir, which are influenced by the formation of paleohigh and differential structural evolution in different positions.

根据大地构造背景、岩石学特征、生物标志和盐类矿物分析，鄂尔多斯盆地古隆起周边奥陶系马家沟组沉积于局限的陆表海碳酸盐台地，其中马五段沉积于水文循环差、盐度高的含膏云坪和膏盐湖环境，马四段沉积环境相对开阔。压实作用使得碳酸盐原始沉积物的孔隙度大大降低。 白云石 &delta;¹⁸O 值较高，&delta;¹³C 值改变不大，Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶值高，Fe²⁺含量高，Sr²⁺和 Na⁺含量低，有序度低且变化大。 白云石在局限且高盐度环境下通过微生物作用沉淀，后经岩溶作用和埋藏作用改造。溶蚀作用形成了各种类型的溶蚀孔、洞、缝；岩溶作用形成了由南向北依次发育的岩溶高地、岩溶台地、侵蚀坡地和岩溶盆地等岩溶地貌。 白云石化作用和岩溶作用是建设性成岩作用，压实作用、胶结作用和去白云石化作用是破坏性成岩作用。靠近膏盐湖的膏云坪沉积了大量的硬石膏结核，有利于硬石膏结核溶模孔形成。 古岩溶斜坡岩溶作用强烈，易形成大量顺层分布的溶蚀孔、洞、缝。 古岩溶斜坡与盆地过渡区岩溶作用弱，胶结作用和去白云石化作用较强。受沉积作用、成岩作用和古岩溶地貌三方面因素的共同控制，该区碳酸盐岩储层形成、发育过程极为复杂。

<p><span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">Based on the analysis of tectonic setting, petrology characteristics, biologic criteria and saline minerals, The Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the surrounding area of paleo-uplift in Ordos Basin deposited in a carbonate platform of restricted epeiric seas. The fifth member of Majiagou Formation deposited in gypsodolomite flat and gypsic saline lake where water cycle was restricted and salinity was high. The sedimentary environment of the fourth member of Majiagou Formation was relatively broad. Due to the compaction, porosity of the original carbonate sediments decreased greatly.</span><span style="color: black; line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">The degrees of order for dolomite display low and changeable values. The dolomites are characterized by high </span><span style="color: black; line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">&delta;</span>^{<span style="color: black; line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">18</span>}<span style="color: black; line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">O values,</span><span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Fe</span>^{<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">2+ </span>}<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">contents and Sr</span>^{<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">87</span>}<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/Sr</span>^{<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">86 </span>}<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">ratios, low Sr</span>^{<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">2+ </span>}<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">and Na</span>^{<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">+ </span>}<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">contents, and stable &delta;</span>^{<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 9pt;">13</span>}<span style="color: rgb(24, 23, 23); line-height: 107%; font-size: 10.5pt;">C values comparing with original sedimentary values. The dolomites precipitated through microbial activity in the restricted environments with high salinity, and reformed by the karstification latter. The dissolution created different types of pores,caverns and fractures. The karstification formed karst geomorphic unites, such as karst highlands, karst platforms, eroded slopes and karst basins. The dolomitization and karstification are constructive processes, while compaction,cementation and dedolomitization are destructive processes. Abundant anhydrite nodules deposited in the anhydrite dolomite flats near anhydrite salt lakes,which is favorable for the creation of anhydrite nodule mold pores. The karstification developed well in karst eroded slopes, where abundant horizontal strata-bound dissolved pores and vugs were easily formed. In the transitional zones of slopes and basins, karstification was weak, while dedolomitization and cementation developed well. Because of the influence of sedimentation,diagenesis and karstification, the formation and evolution of the carbonate reservoirs are complicated.</span></p>

塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组储集层主要受沉积相控制,而丘滩是储集层发育的有利相带,因此明确丘滩特征及其分布规律对该地区勘探具有重要意义。以柯坪肖尔布拉克露头区肖尔布拉克组为研究对象,实测7条剖面,基于野外露头描述和薄片观察,系统分析了肖尔布拉克组沉积特征,建立了沉积相模式。露头区肖尔布拉克组厚158~178 m,主要发育层纹石、凝块石、泡沫绵层石、叠层石、核形石5种微生物白云岩和藻砂屑白云岩及粒泥白云岩,整体上为1个向上变浅的三级沉积序列。肖尔布拉克组沉积时期,研究区为发育&#x0201c;微生物席&#x02014;丘滩&#x02014;潮坪&#x0201d;沉积体系的缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地,沿温宿古隆起向盆地方向依次发育内缓坡、中缓坡和外缓坡。中缓坡是中高能微生物丘和藻砂屑滩的有利发育区,丘滩体厚度在70~85 m之间,滩地比达到44%~51%,进一步佐证了塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩领域具有良好的勘探潜力。

The dolomite reservoir of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies,in which the mounds and shoals are the potential zone of reservoir. Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the characteristics and laws of mounds and shoals for oil exploration in this field. The Xiaoerblak area is selected as the study region and,7 geological profiles are measured in outcrops. Based on the description of the field outcrops and observation on many thin slices,the sedimentary characteristics of the Xiaoerblak Formation are systematically analyzed and the sedimentary facies model is established. The Xiaoerblak Formation in the study area is 158-178 m in thickness. It mainly contains microbiological dolomites,arenite dolomite and granule dolomite. The microbiological dolomites are divided into laminite dolomite,thrombolite dolomite,spongiostromatastromatolite dolomite,stromatolite dolomite,and oncolites dolomite. The lithofacies combination indicates that the Xiaoerblak Formation comprises one 3^rd succession that is characterized as upward shallower trend. These rocks combination show that Keping area is a carbonate ramp with &#x0201c;microbial mat-mound and shoal-tidal flat&#x0201d; sedimentary system in the depositional period of Xiaoerblak Formation. From the Wensu ancient uplift to the basin,it develops inner ramp,middle ramp and outer ramp in turn. In middle ramp,the medium-high energy mounds and shoals are distributed,with a thickness of 70-85 m and the ratio of shoals to the whole strata is up to 44%-51%. It is confirmed again that the Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin has a great potential of oil exploration.

针对塔里木盆地轮南—古城地区寒武系台缘带规模储-盖组合的类型及时空分布不清的问题,利用最新采集/拼接处理的轮南—富满地区的三维地震数据体、30余条二维地震格架测线、9口钻井的岩屑薄片和碳/氧稳定同位素曲线等资料,建立了台地内部—台地边缘—盆地的年代地层格架,开展了以层序或体系域为单元的沉积相研究,落实了规模储-盖组合和烃源岩分布特征,评价了有利勘探区带。研究结果表明:①寒武系台缘带可识别出4个二级层序和11个三级层序,横向上,层序结构差异明显,轮南地区结构完整,具典型侧向叠置的特征,而古城地区部分缺失纽芬兰统—第二统(SQ1—SQ3)层序且垂向加积"堆垛"特点突出;②时间上,轮南—古城地区依次经历了富泥质缓坡、低角度前积缓坡—弱镶边台地、垂向加积蒸发潟湖占主导镶边台地和侧向加积平顶镶边台地4个演化阶段,塔南古陆和古海平面等控制了空间差异;③轮南—古城地区发育9套台缘丘滩带(SQ3—SQ11)、3套膏盐岩(SQ5—SQ7)以及陆棚相和斜坡相两类烃源岩(SQ1、SQ6、SQ8—SQ11);④评价出膏下台缘丘滩带、泥下残余丘滩带、致密碳酸盐岩下丘滩带和泥间斜坡重力流4类有效储-盖组合,构建了5类成藏模式,膏下台缘丘滩带和泥下残余丘滩带是近期实现勘探突破并实施万米深地钻探的最佳储-盖组合,泥间斜坡重力流也是一种值得探索的新类型储-盖组合。

In response to the unclear types and temporal-spatial distribution of the large-scale reservoir-cap assemblages of Cambrian platform margin in Lunnan-Gucheng area of Tarim Basin, based on the latest collected/merged three-dimensional seismic data, more than 30 two-dimensional seismic survey lines, thin sections of rock debris from 9 drilling wells, and C/O stable isotope curves from the Lunnan-Fuman area, the paper establishes a chronostratigraphic framework from platform interior to platform margin to basin, carries out the research of sedimentary facies using the sequence or system tract as a unit, makes clear large-scale reservoir-cap assemblages and source rock distribution, and evaluates favorable exploration zones. The research results show as follows. (1)Four second-order sequences and 11 third-order sequences are identified in Cambrian platform margin. Horizontally, there are significant differences in sequence architecture. The Lunnan area features a complete structure with typical lateral stacking, while Gucheng area partially lacks sequences from Terreneuvian to Epoch2 (SQ1-SQ3)and has the prominent characteristic of vertical accretion and stacking. (2)Lunnan-Gucheng area experienced four evolution stages in succession, i.e., mud-rich ramp, low-angle progradation ramp to weak-rimmed platform, rimmed platform dominated by vertical accretion evaporation lagoon, and lateral accretion flat-topped rimmed platform, and the spatial differentiation was controlled by Tanan oldland and ancient sea level. (3)Nine sets of platform margin mound-shoal belts (SQ3-SQ11), 3 sets of gypsum salt rock belts (SQ5-SQ7), and 6 sets of source rocks (SQ1, SQ6, SQ8-SQ11)have been developed in Lunnan-Gucheng area. (4)Four types of effective reservoir-cap assemblages, i.e., the platform margin mound-shoal belt covered with gypsum, the residue mound-shoal belt covered with soil, the mound-shoal belt covered with compact carbonate rocks, and the slope gravity flow, were evaluated and five types of hydrocarbon accumulation models were established. The platform margin mound-shoal belt covered with gypsum and the residue mound-shoal belt covered with soil are the best reservoir-cap assemblage, where recent breakthroughs have been made and the depth of drilling can reach 10000 m. The gravity flow on mud slopes is also a new type of reservoir-cap assemblage worthy of exploring.