当沉积盆地累计产量超过50×10⁸ bbl油当量（6.82×10⁸ t油或7 931.66×10⁸ m³气）和剩余可采资源量超过50×10⁸ bbl油当量即称之为超级盆地。四川盆地至2019年底油气总产量为6 569×10⁸ m³,气油比为80︰1,总剩余可采资源量达136 404×10⁸ m³,属二级超级盆地;由于产出以气为主,故为超级气盆地。四川盆地之所以成为超级气盆地,因其具有4个优势：①气源岩优势,有9组主要气源岩,为全国各盆地之首;②资源量优势,总剩余天然气可采资源量为136 404×10⁸ m³,全国各盆地中为第1;③大气田优势,有大气田27个,在全国各盆地位列首位;④总产量优势,至2019年底天然气累计总产量6 487.8×10⁸ m³,是全国各盆地之冠。四川盆地在天然气勘探上有4个方向性的重大突破：①页岩气方向性的重大突破,在中国首先发现开发奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气;②致密砂岩气方向性的重大突破,中坝气田三叠系须家河组二段气藏是全国首个高采出度致密砂岩气藏;③碳酸盐岩超大气田方向性重大突破;④超深层气藏方向性重大突破。这些方向性重大突破引领和推动相关领域全国盆地取得重要进展。此外,按累计油气产量和剩余可采资源量、盆地大地构造属性和累计产量中油和气占比3类标准,对超级盆地进行了分类。图6表1参34

The Ediacaran (ca. 635-541 Ma) was a critical period in Earth history, which saw a dramatic transformation in global biological, chemical and climatic conditions, making it one of the most intensively investigated time intervals worldwide. As the first mixed clastic-carbonate succession deposited on the Upper Yangtze Craton, the Ediacaran succession overlies Neoproterozoic continental rifts, and records a complex basin infill history. In this study, we focus on the tectonostratigraphic environment and basin infill process, integrating multiple data sets, including boreholes, outcrops, well correlations, seismic data, isopach maps and the spatial distribution of sedimentary facies. The Ediacaran System includes the Doushantuo Formation and overlying Dengying Formation which can be subdivided into four lithostratigraphic members (D1-D4). The Doushantuo Formation and D3 Member consist of mixed clastic-carbonate sediments, while carbonates predominate in the D1, D2 and D4 members. Intracratonic depressions and continental margin rifts dominated the Upper Yangtze area during the Ediacaran. During deposition of the Doushantuo Formation, the Upper Yangtze area contained a variety of environments, including terrigenous shorefaces, mixed tidal flats, lagoons, shelves, slopes and bathyal seas. A rimmed carbonate platform developed during deposition of the D1 and D2 members. The Deyang-Anyue Trough, which is related to post-rift subsidence in the intracratonic basin, began to develop in this interval. A relatively intense extension during deposition of the D3 Member resulted in intensification of intracratonic and continental margin rifting, creating distinct tidal flat, deep-water shelf, slope and bathyal environments. With the expansion of the Deyang-Anyue Trough during deposition of the D4 Member, the rimmed carbonate platform was divided into two segments. We suggest that the Deyang-Anyue Trough was a structurally controlled intracratonic rift-sag and likely arose from multiple episodes of rifting in the cratonic basement, as well as differential uplifting and exposure caused by the ongoing Tongwan Movement. Our model highlights the role of basement heritage on the structure and evolution of intracratonic rift-sag.

基于前人研究成果, 综合四川盆地龙王庙组野外露头、钻测井、岩心及薄片等资料, 对龙王庙组的岩石类型、沉积亚相和岩石物性进行了详细的分析, 探讨了龙王庙组颗粒滩沉积组合的特征、分布规律及其对储集层发育的控制作用。结果表明： （1）四川盆地龙王庙组可以识别出4种主要的岩石类型, 垂向上主要发育3种与颗粒滩相关的水体向上变浅的沉积组合： 多期颗粒滩垂向叠置、颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）、滩间海—颗粒滩（—台坪）;（2）颗粒滩沉积组合分布受控于古地貌和海平面升降;平面分布主要受控于古地貌, 多期颗粒滩垂向叠置组合主要发育在川中地区, 颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）组合主要发育在川北、川西南地区, 滩间海—颗粒滩（—台坪）组合主要发育在川东、川东南地区;垂向分布主要受控于海平面升降, 与所处层序地层的位置有密切关系, 滩间海—颗粒滩组合多发育于层序中下部, 颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）, 多期颗粒滩垂向叠置组合发育于层序中上部;（3）多期颗粒滩垂向叠置组合最有利于储集层发育, 其次是颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）组合, 滩间海—颗粒滩（—台坪）组合储集层物性较差。

Rock types, sedimentary subfacies and grain bank properties of the Longwangmiao Formation are studied in detail by outcrop, drilling and logging data, core, thin section and physical property of the Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin. The characteristics, development and distribution of grain bank depositional combinations of the Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin and their control on reservoir development are discussed. The results show that: （1）four main rock types can be identified in the Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin. Vertically, three upward shallowing depositional combinations associated with carbonate grain bank can be identified: multi-stage vertical overlapping of grain banks, grain bank-tidal flat（mixed tidal flat）, interbank-grain bank（-tidal flat）; (2）the distribution of depositional combinations of grain banks is controlled by paleogeomorphy and sea level fluctuation;and the horizontal distribution is mainly controlled by paleogeomorphy, the vertical overlapping of multi-stage grain banks is mainly developed in the central Sichuan Basin, grain bank-tidal flat（mixed tidal flat）mainly develop in northern and southwestern Sichuan Basin, and interbank-grain bank（-tidal flat）mainly develop in the eastern and southeastern Sichuan Basin;vertically, they are mainly controlled by sea level changes, and have close relationship with their locations in the sequence stratigraphy, and interbank-grain bank（-tidal flat）mostly develop in the middle and lower parts of the sequence, multi-stage vertical overlapping of grain banks and grain bank-tidal flat（mixed tidal flat）develop in the upper part of the sequence; (3）multi-stage vertical overlapping of grain banks is the most favorable for reservoir development, followed by grain bank-tidal flat（mixed tidal flat）combination, and interbank-grain bank（-tidal flat）combination has the poor reservoir physical properties.

四川盆地震旦系灯影组丘滩沉积体广泛发育,具有很好的储集价值。基于露头勘查与岩心观测获取的资料,通过薄片鉴定、孔隙度、渗透率测试等方法分析丘滩储集体的储集性能。结果表明,由于震旦纪末期绵阳—长宁裂陷槽的发育影响了灯二段与灯四段碳酸盐岩台地相带展布,导致形成不同的古地理环境,目前可识别出高能环境、过渡环境、低能环境下发育的丘滩岩石类型,即以胡家坝剖面灯四段为代表的并进型丘滩多沉积高能环境岩石类型,以杨坝剖面灯二段为代表的追补型丘滩多沉积过渡环境岩石类型,以福成剖面灯四段为代表的饥饿型丘滩多沉积低能环境岩石类型。通过分析3种丘滩类型的储集空间与经历的准同生期成岩作用,并比较它们的物性特征,认为并进型丘滩体为最好的储集层。该研究成果有助于寻找优质储集层的发育位置,进而为四川盆地灯影组油气勘探提供参考。

The mound-bank deposits of the Dengying Formation of the Sinian System are well developed in Sichuan Basin,with good reservoir value. Based on outcrop and core observation,thin section observation,porosity and permeability of samples test,we analyzed the reservoir quality of different mound-bank complexes. During the terminal of Sinian Period,development of the Mianyang-Changning rift affected distribution of sedimentary facies of the 2nd and the 4th Members of Dengying Formation,forming different palaeogeographic units. The high-energy environment,transition environment and low-energy environment of the mound-bank complex rock types are identified,and their reservoir quality is different. The keep-up platform margin mound-bank complex,which is represented by Hujiaba section in the 4th Member of the Dengying Formation mainly deposited high-energy zone rock types. The catch-up platform margin mound-bank complex,which is represented by Yangba section in the 2nd Member of the Dengying Formation,mainly deposited transform zone rock types. The give-up platform interior mound-bank complex,which is represented by Fucheng section in the 4th Member of the Dengying Formation mainly deposited low-energy zone rock types. By comparing reservoir characteristics of three types of mound-bank complex,it is found that the keep-up platform margin mound-bank complex is the‘Sweet spots’ of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin. The above studies are conducive to find the‘Sweet spots’ of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin.