鄂西地区上二叠统海相页岩气资源潜力大，近年来在恩施、红星等地区获得诸多勘探发现，但不同地域页岩气勘探效果不同，储集性能、含气性等富集条件存在诸多差异。以红星区块吴家坪组二段和恩施地区大隆组为研究对象，综合利用钻井、测井、地震和实验室分析测试等资料，开展页岩气富集差异特征精细刻画和控制因素分析。研究发现：①吴家坪组二段与大隆组原始品质较为相似，富有机质页岩厚度略有差异；②吴家坪组二段储集性能、“源—储耦合”性和含气性均优于大隆组，有机质孔保存带来的储集性能差异是造成含气性差异的主要原因；③扬子周缘中—新生代强烈的构造挤压导致恩施地区大隆组初始抬升时间更早、上覆地层剥蚀量更大，页岩气保存条件相对较差；④埋深和构造样式可以有效指示现今保存条件，红星区块吴家坪组二段埋深大、发育在宽缓背斜内，较恩施地区复向斜浅埋藏的大隆组更有利于页岩气富集。综合提出勘探建议，认为两套页岩具有不同的勘探开发难点，应加强对比研究，分类施策。

The western Hubei area， which is adjacent to the Sichuan Basin， have great shale gas resources potential in the Upper Permian marine shales， and have achieved a series of exploration discoveries in recent years， such as Enshi， Hongxing and other areas. However， there are many differences in reservoir performance， gas-bearing property and other enrichment conditions， hence the shale gas display effect in different regions are diverse. Taking the Wujiaping Formation II in Hongxing block and Dalong Formation in Enshi area as the research objects， the detailed characterization of shale gas enrichment differences and analysis of controlling factors have been carried out by comprehensive use of drilling， logging， seismic and laboratory analysis and testing data. The results show that： （1） The original quality of the Wujiaping Formation II is relatively similar to that of the Dalong Formation， with a slight difference in the thickness of organic shale； （2） The reservoir performance， source-reservoir coupling and gas-bearing property of the Wujiaping Formation II are better than that of the Dalong Formation； （3） The strong Meso-Cenozoic tectonic compression around the Yangtze led to earlier initial uplift of the Dalong Formation in Enshi area， resulting in greater denudation of the overlying strata， and relatively poor shale gas preservation conditions； （4） The burial depth and structural style can effectively indicate the current preservation conditions. The Wujiaping Formation II in Hongxing block that was deeply buried and developed in a wide -gentle anticline， is more conducive to shale gas enrichment than the Dalong Formation， which is shallowly buried in the complex syncline in Enshi area. There have different structural styles and preservation conditions for two sets of shale in the two areas， which bring different difficulties in exploration and development. Therefore， comparative research should be strengthened and classified practical methods should be taken from the perspective of accelerating exploration and development.

针对下扬子宣城地区复杂地质条件下二叠系页岩气勘查难度大的问题,基于岩石物性测试,运用高精度重力、高精度磁法、复电阻率法(CR法)进行联合勘查,探讨复杂地质条件下有效的页岩气勘查方法。研究表明:宣城地区孤峰组页岩具有“弱磁、低密度、中低阻、高极化”特征,含炭硅质页岩具有明显的低电阻率、高极化率特征,主要影响孤峰组的侵入岩体(花岗斑岩)具有“弱磁、低密度、低阻、低极化”特征。在宣城地区魏墩一带孤峰组页岩气勘查过程中,应用高精度重力、高精度磁法寻找弱磁、低重力地区,推断岩体分布情况;然后在岩浆岩不发育区布设CR法剖面,选择低电阻率(小于1 000.00 Ω·m)、高极化率(大于4.00%)的位置来布设钻井进行验证,共钻遇视厚度达50.89 m孤峰组含炭硅质页岩、硅质泥岩,取得了良好的应用效果。研究内容对宣城地区乃至下扬子复杂地质条件区富有机质页岩层段识别和页岩气“甜点”区优选具有重要的指导意义。

四川盆地二叠系页岩气具有良好的成藏条件和勘探潜力，继二叠系吴家坪组获得勘探突破后，将低勘探程度层系——茅口组“高灰”页岩气作为重要的勘探接替方向。利用HYM-1等井的岩心、测录井和分析化验资料，系统开展茅口组页岩气藏条件与富集特征的研究，认为茅口组四段一亚段页岩具有高碳、高灰、高孔隙度、高含气性、高杨氏模量、薄储层、多夹层的“五高一薄一多”的典型地质特征；与五峰组—龙马溪组等页岩相比，茅四段页岩碳酸盐矿物含量更高、黏土矿物含量更低，储集空间类型以有机质孔为主，无机孔较少，孔隙度平均4.27%，整体表现为高孔隙度；茅四段一亚段平均含气量为4.96m³/t，具备较高的含气量。综合分析认为，富藻高碳页岩的发育、良好的储集能力和保存条件，以及页岩储层的可压裂性，是茅四段页岩气富集高产的主控因素。

The Permian shale gas in Sichuan Basin shows good hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential. After obtaining breakthrough in the Permian Wujiaping Formation, the “high lime content” shale gas in Maokou Formation with a low degree of exploration has been regarded as a major orientation for exploration and replacement. The core samples, wireline and mud logging and experimental data in Well HYM-1 are used to systematically analyze the shale gas accumulation conditions and enrichment characteristics in Maokou Formation, and the study results indicate that the shale in the first sub-member of the fourth member of Maokou Formation has the typical geological characteristics of “five highs, one thin and one multiple”, i.e., high carbon content, high lime content, high porosity, high gas content, high Yong’s modulus, thin reservoirs, and multiple interbeds; Compared with the shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Maokou Formation shale has a higher carbonate mineral content but a lower clay content, and the reservoir space is dominated by organic pores, with few inorganic pores, and an average porosity of 4.27%, showing high porosity as a whole; The average gas content of the first sub-member of the fourth member of Maokou Formation is 4.96m³/t, which shows a high gas content. The comprehensive analysis indicates that the development of algal-rich and high-carbon shale, good storage capacity and preservation conditions, as well as the good fracability of shale reservoir are the main controlling factors for the enrichment and high-yield production of shale gas in the fourth member of Maokou Formation.

四川盆地二叠系吴家坪组的页岩层普遍受沉积相变快、厚度薄、埋深大等地质条件的制约，非常规天然气勘探一直未有大的突破。2020年风险探井HY-1HF井在二叠系吴家坪组试获8.9×104m3/d工业气流，展现了川东红星地区二叠系吴家坪组页岩气良好的勘探潜力。为了厘清二叠系页岩气富集高产的主控因素及其对勘探的启示意义，对钻井、测井、地球化学分析等资料进行研究。结果表明，该地区吴家坪组二段整体发育深水陆棚相沉积，页岩储层具有机碳含量（TOC）高、孔隙度高、含气量高、碳酸盐含量高，以及页岩厚度薄（小于20m）的“四高一薄”特征，结合优良的顶底板封隔条件，是优质的深层海相页岩气勘探层系。通过有利区评价认为，川东龙驹坝、建南及三星区块为红星地区的有利勘探区。

Constrained by geological conditions such as rapid facies change, thin thickness, and great burial depth of shale formation in the Permian Wujiaping Formation in Sichuan Basin, no major breakthrough has been made in unconventional gas exploration. In 2020, a risk exploration well HY-1HF was drilled and commercial gas flow of 8.9×104m3/d was obtained during well test, showing good exploration potential of shale gas in the Permian Wujiaping Formation in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan Basin. In order to identify the main controlling factors for the enrichment and high yield of the Permian shale gas and its exploration implications, well drilling, logging and geochemical experiment data are analyzed. The study results indicate that deposits of deep-water shelf facies were generally developed in the second member of Wujiaping Formation (Wu 2 member), as well as high-quality organic-rich shale, with the characteristics of “four high and one thin”, namely, high TOC, high porosity, high gas content, high carbonate content and thin shale reservoir thickness (<20 m). Hongxing area is located in the tectonically stable zone, with good preservation conditions; In addition, the reservoir is conducive to fracture treatment owning to its rock mechanical features of low Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. On the whole, it is a high-quality deep marine formation for shale gas exploration in combination with the excellent sealing conditions of roof and floor. The evaluation results conclude that Longjuba, Jiannan and Sanxing blocks are favorable exploration zones in Hongxing area of eastern Sichuan Basin.

基于钻井、录井、测井、地质实验等基础资料，对四川盆地北部二叠系大隆组海相页岩地质特征及页岩气富集高产因素开展研究。结果表明：①大隆组优质页岩形成于二叠系吴家坪组沉积后，主要发育在四川盆地北部开江—梁平海槽内，深水陆棚沉积相和硅质生物繁盛的深水还原环境形成了富有机质的黑色硅质页岩。②大隆组页岩有机质孔与无机质孔发育，脆塑性矿物交互成层，4 500 m以深的超深层依然发育大量无机质孔，总孔隙度大于5%，显著拓展了页岩气储集空间。③大隆组顶底板灰岩既有助于早期埋藏生烃持续处在封闭系统，又为页岩段持续生烃和富气保存提供有利条件，在后期改造中利于缝网横向延伸，达到最优改造效果，提高井控资源量。综合地质、工程、经济条件，优选出5 500 m以浅的有利区面积为1 800 km²，资源量达5 400×10⁸ m³。④大隆组页岩储层具有“薄而肥”的特征，埋深5 500 m以浅的川东高陡构造区内远离主体断裂的向斜区，是当前工程技术条件下最有利的二叠系页岩气建产区域，主要包括南雅向斜、檀木场向斜和梁平向斜。

鄂西—渝东地区二叠系是四川盆地周缘页岩气勘探活动最活跃的层系之一，已有多口探井获得页岩气发现，展现了良好资源前景。勘探实践表明，该地区二叠系与四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组在页岩气富集特征上存在较大差异，针对后者建立的页岩储层分类评价标准已难以满足二叠系页岩气勘探开发需求，亟需提出适用的评价标准和方法体系。基于已有勘探资料，以大隆组为例，系统剖析了鄂西—渝东地区二叠系页岩气富集条件，并与国内外典型产气页岩对比，明确了页岩气富集特点。在此基础上，以资源富集性为核心，兼顾页岩可压性和资源可采性，优选储层评价参数，开展参数分类阈值研究，建立了适用于鄂西—渝东地区二叠系页岩储层的分类评价标准和方法体系。相关成果可为区域页岩气规模勘探和效益开发提供参考。

The western Hubei and eastern Chongqing area is one of the most active shale gas exploration areas in the periphery of Sichuan Basin， and several exploratory wells have obtained Permian shale gas discoveries， showing good prospects for shale gas exploration and development. Previous exploration shows that the shale gas enrichment characteristics of Dalong Formation， the main producing layer in this area， are quite different from those of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin， and the shale reservoir classification and evaluation standards established for the latter are difficult to meet the new shale gas exploration and development needs， so it is necessary to put forward an applicable shale reservoir evaluation standard system. Based on the existing exploration data， we systematically analyzed the shale gas enrichment conditions of Dalong Formation in the western Hubei and eastern Chongqing area， and compared that with the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin， so as to clarify the shale gas enrichment characteristics of Dalong Formation. On this basis， with the shale gas richness as the core， taking into account the compressibility of shale and production potential， we carried out the research on the evaluation parameter system of the Permian shale reservoirs， and established the shale gas reservoir classification and evaluation standard and evaluation method system applicable to the Permian shale of the western Hubei and eastern Chongqing area.Exploration and development practice has proved that the established shale gas reservoir evaluation system can be better applied to the evaluation of Permian shale gas exploration and development in western Hubei and eastern Chongqing area， which can provide effective guidance for the regional shale gas large-scale exploration and beneficial development.

四川盆地上二叠统吴家坪组海相页岩是页岩气勘探开发的热点层系。通过X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、有机地球化学、低温氮气吸附等分析，对川东北地区二叠系吴家坪组二段海相页岩的沉积相展布、储层及烃源岩特征进行了分析，明确了储层发育的主控因素，并对储层发育有利区进行了预测。研究结果表明：①川东北地区吴二段的沉积受海平面上升和裂陷发育的影响，主要为深水陆棚相，在达州—开江—万州—忠县一带沿北西—南东方向呈连通条带状展布。②研究区吴二段页岩储层中矿物组成复杂，脆性矿物含量较高，平均质量分数为67.9%；与四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩相似，研究区的石英具有生物成因特征而呈絮凝状，草莓状黄铁矿粒径均较小（小于6.0 μm），指示沉积水体为还原环境，有利于有机质的富集；页岩储层平均孔隙度为4.11%，孔隙类型包括有机质孔隙、粒内孔隙、粒间孔隙及微裂缝，孔隙结构以狭缝孔为主，中孔对孔体积的贡献率最大。③研究区吴二段烃源岩具有高TOC含量、高成熟度特征，TOC平均值为4.80%，R_o平均值为2.53%，达到过成熟阶段，干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ型，具有良好的生气潜力，基本达到Ⅰ类页岩气储层标准。④研究区吴二段储层主要受控于沉积环境和成岩改造作用，深水陆棚沉积环境有利于页岩储层的形成，石英的抗压保孔作用和有机质生烃作用是页岩储层形成的关键，石英含量、TOC含量和孔隙度均呈正相关关系；开江—梁平、万州地区为吴二段有利页岩储层分布区。

The marine shale of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation in Sichuan Basin is a hotspot for shale gas exploration and development. Based on X-ray diffraction，thin section identification，scanning electron microscopy，organic geochemistry，and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption，the distribution of sedimentary facies，characteristics of source rocks and reservoirs of the second member of Permian Wujiaping Formation （P₂w²）shale in the northeastern Sichuan Basin were conducted. The main controlling factors of reservoir development were clarified，and distribution of favorable reservoir zones was also analysed. The results show that： （1）The deposition of the P₂w² in the northeastern Sichuan Basin is influenced by the rise of sea level and the development of rifts，and is dominated by deep-water shelf facies，displaying a banded distribution in the areas of Dazhou-Kaijing-Wanzhou-Zhongxian.（2）The mineral composition of the P₂w² shale in the study area is complex with a high content of brittle minerals（67.9%）. They are similar to the Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in Sichuan Basin，displaying biogenically influenced quartz with flocculated and framboids pyrite with small grains（< 6 μm），reflecting a reducing sedimentary water body conducive to the enrichment of organic matters. The average porosity of the P₂w² shale is 4.11%，with pore types including organic matter pores，intragranular pores，intergranular pores，and micro-fractures. The shale pore structure is dominated by mesopores，with a minor presence of micropores and macropores，where contribution rate of mesopore to pore volume is the largest. （3）The source rocks of P₂w² exhibit high <i>TOC</i> content and high maturity，with an average <i>TOC</i> content of 4.8% and an average <i>R</i>_o of 2.53%，reaching an over-mature stage，predominant type Ⅱ kerogen，indicating high hydrocarbon generation potential. It generally meets the criteria for a Class Ⅰ shale gas reservoirs.（4）P₂w² shale reservoir is mainly controlled by sedimentary environment and diagenetic transformation. The sedimentary environment of deep-water shelf is conducive to the formation of shale reservoirs. Quartz on resisting pressure and retaining pores，hydrocarbon generation from organic matterrs play a critical role in the formation of shale reservoirs. There is a positively correlated relationship between the quartz content，<i>TOC</i> content to porosity. It is considered that the Kaijiang-Liangping and Wanzhou areas should be favorable distribution areas for the P₂w² shale reservoirs.

华南下扬子巢湖地区孤峰组黑色硅质岩中富含有机质，是中国油气和页岩气勘探的潜在源岩，研究孤峰组有机质富集规律对开展油气勘探工作具有重要意义。文章对巢湖平顶山地区中二叠统孤峰组硅质岩进行总有机碳含量（TOC）和饱和烃分子标志物特征分析，探讨其中有机质富集规律。结果表明孤峰组有机质热成熟度参数C29 &alpha;&alpha;&alpha;甾烷20S/(20S+20R)比值分布在0.37 至0.46 之间，C31升藿烷22S/(S+R)比值分布在0.53 至0.59 之间，热成熟度水平处于生油窗的早期。有机质正构烷烃主峰为C18，以短链烷烃为主，藿烷含量较高，甾烷以C27 &alpha;&alpha;&alpha; 20R 胆甾烷为主，有机质主要来自海洋浮游藻类和细菌。孤峰组有机质Pr/Ph 比值小于0.6，伽玛蜡烷指数平均值为0.2，说明古沉积水体为中等分层缺氧环境。孤峰组普遍富含有机质可能与炎热气候下古沉积水体长期分层和缺氧有关。随着气候在孤峰组沉积早期和晚期突然变冷，高强度的海洋洋流上涌提高了初级生产力水平，造成有机质更大规模的富集。

The black cherts in the middle Permian Gufeng Formation in Chaohu area in Lower Yangtze, South China are rich in organic matter. This formation is the potential source rocks of petroleum and shale gas exploration in China. The study on the organic matter accumulation of the Gufeng Formation is important for the petroleum exploration. Here we analyze total organic carbon (TOC) content and biomarkers characteristics of organic matter in the Gufeng cherts of middle Permian in the Pingdingshan, Chaohu area, so as to address the organic matter accumulation mechanism. Our results show that the organic matter thermal mature proxy C29 &alpha;&alpha;&alpha; 20S/(20S+ 20R) ratios range from 0.37 to 0.46, and C31 22S/(S+R) ratios range from 0.53 to 0.59. These suggest that the thermal mature level is the early stage of&ldquo;oil window&rdquo;. The n-alkane compounds are mainly composed of short-chain n-alkanes and peak at C18. Hopane contents are<br>higher than the terpane. C27 &alpha;&alpha;&alpha; 20R sterane is higher than the C28 and C29 &alpha;&alpha;&alpha; 20R. These suggest that the organic matter of the Gufeng Formation originates from phytoplankton algae and bacteria with a small amount of terrestrial high plant. The Pr/Ph ratios of the organic matter in the Gufeng Formation is less than 0.6, and the average gamacerane index is 0.2. These suggest that the redox conditions of paleo-water column during the deposition of the Gufeng Formation were moderate stratification and anoxia. The organic-rich Gufeng&nbsp;Formation is probably related to this stratification and anoxia during warm climatic conditions. Associated with the suddenly cooling, enhanced upwelling increased greatly the primary productivity greatly and yielded more large-scale organic matter accumulation.

硅质岩中蕴含着重要的古地理、古构造及古海洋等信息，是进行岩石大地构造学研究的重要手段。针对中下扬子北缘孤峰组层状硅质岩的沉积环境、成因及硅质来源存在的较大争议，基于沉积—构造演化过程，从正反两方面进行论证：正向论证通过对前人关于孤峰组层状硅质岩成因的观点进行归纳总结，并广泛搜集已发表的相关地球化学原始数据，建立硅质岩主量、稀土元素数据库，重新系统地进行沉积环境、成因及硅质来源判别；反向论证通过对华南中二叠世主要地质事件进行时间及成因的梳理，建立构造演化序列，以检验或解释目前存在的系列争议，结果表明：①除个别地区如安徽贵池唐田、铜陵花树坡和巢湖平顶山受火山活动及断裂影响向热液成因过渡，中下扬子北缘孤峰组层状硅质岩主要为非热液成因或生物成因，且沉积于被动大陆边缘深水环境;②华夏古陆隆升及海平面升降控制了研究区孤峰组层状硅质岩中部分陆源物质的输入，但陆源物质对硅质岩的硅质贡献并不明显;③孤峰组硅质岩的研究对峨眉山玄武岩的喷发时间及动力学机制具有重要的启示意义。

Cherts contain important information of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleo-ocean, which is the important means of studying petrotectonics. With regard to the major disputes on the sedimentary environments, origin and source of Gufeng Formation bedded cherts in the northern margin of middle-lower Yangtze area, demonstrations from both forward and reverse aspects from the perspective of the sedimentary-tectonic evolution were given. By summarizing previous views on the genesis of bedded cherts in Gufeng Formation, and extensively collecting published original geochemical data, in the forward demonstrations we created the database of the cherts about rare earth elements to systematically identify the sedimentary environments, origin and source of cherts. By sorting out the time and cause of the main geological events in the middle Permian in south China, in the reverse demonstrations we established the sequence of tectonic evolution to verify or explain the current series of disputes. The results show that: $\mathrm{①}$ Except some areas, such as Guichi-Tangtian, Tongling-Huashupo and Chaohu-Pingdingshan in Anhui province, which were affected by volcanic activities and faults, the bedded cherts of Gufeng Formation in the northern margin of middle-lower Yangtze area are mainly of non-hydrothermal origin or biological origin, and deposited in the passive continental margin deep water environments. $\mathrm{②}$ Paleocontinental uplift in cathaysian and sea level eustacy controlled the input of some terrestrial materials in the the Gufeng Formation bedded cherts in the study area, but the contribution of terrestrial materials to cherts is not obvious. $\mathrm{③}$ The study of cherts in Gufeng Formation is of great significance to the eruption time and dynamic mechanism of Emeishan basalts.

四川盆地天然气资源量居中国首位,目前探明率仅为18.8 %,勘探开发潜力巨大。近几年,四川盆地油气勘探相继在深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩、海相非常规天然气、陆相致密气及陆相页岩油等新领域、新层系、新类型取得重大突破,展示出巨大的资源前景。川西—川中地区深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩气藏多层系立体成藏,优质烃源岩供烃,多层系高能丘滩相储层垂向叠置、横向连片,源-储配置好,断裂输导体系发育,但勘探程度低,有望形成新的万亿立方米级规模增储区。川西—川中前陆坳陷—斜坡带为陆相致密气富集有利区,以须家河组为主力烃源岩,形成须家河组、侏罗系沙溪庙组两套成藏体系,已发现千亿立方米级大气田,累计提交地质储量超过1×10¹²m³,成为四川盆地天然气产量新的增长极。二叠系和侏罗系页岩、泥灰岩、煤岩等非常规含油气层系均连续稳定分布,油气大面积富集成藏,以川中—川东地区最为富集,已取得勘探突破。二叠系非常规天然气有利勘探区资源规模近8×10¹²m³,侏罗系页岩油有利勘探区资源量为16.96×10⁸t。川西—川中地区深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩天然气以及陆相致密气已形成四川盆地新的规模增储主阵地,非常规天然气及陆相页岩油是重要的资源接替领域。

Through systematic sampling and geochemical characteristics analysis of three field profiles of Upper Permian Dalong Formation in northern Sichuan Basin，the sedimentary environment of source rocks was analyzed from four aspects of sedimentary background，hydrothermal activity and upwelling，paleoclimate and paleosalinity， and water environment，and the organic matter accumulation model and exploration potential were discussed. The results show that：（1）The Permian Dalong Formation in northern Sichuan Basin has argillaceous and siliceous source rocks with an effective thickness of 10-40 m，a high abundance of organic matters（the average content of organic carbon is 4.58%）， good types of organic matters（type Ⅱ₂ organic matter is dominant）， and great hydrocarbon generation potential（the average pyrolysis hydrocarbon generation potential is 5.90 mg/g）. The Changjianggou profile and Xibeixiang profile in Guangyuan area at the margin of Sichuan Basin are in mature stage，with <i>R</i>_o values of 0.72% and 1.06%，respectively. The average <i>T</i>_max value of Daliangxiang profile in the eastern part of the basin is 604 ℃，reaching an over mature stage. The gas generation of Dalong Formation in Guangyuan-Liangping trough reaches 432.38&#215;10¹² m³，with conventional natural gas resource of 1.70&#215;10¹² m³ and shale gas resource in trillions of cubic meters，which is a set of marine high-quality source rocks with large gas potential.（2）The high-quality source rocks of Dalong Formation in the study area were formed in a continental margin environment with semi-limited cycle of water hypoxia，and experienced two stages of the evolution of water environment，including embryonic stage and expansion stage of the trough development. In the early stage，there was anoxic-local anaerobic-anoxic unvulcanized and sulphide environment，and organic matter was not developed. In the middle and late stages，there was an oxygen-poor-anoxic-main anaerobic-anoxic environment. Organic matter enrichment was closely related to hydrothermal activity and upwelling. The acid gas from volcanic eruptions and the semi enclosed water environment jointly formed a long-term and large-scale anaerobic hydrodesulfurization environment，which was conducive to the enrichment and preservation of organic matters. It shows a high <i>TOC</i> value in the slope shelf areas such as Xibeixiang and Changjianggou. The <i>TOC</i> value is the greatest in the weak sulfuration environment，followed by the moderate sulfuration environment，and the <i>TOC</i> value is the smallest in a strong retention vulcanization environment.（3）Shale gas of Dalong Formation and high-quality reservoir gas from Changxing-Feixianguan Formation in Guangyuan-Liangping trough are the main exploration directions.

近年来四川盆地蓬深10、合深9、潼深17和正阳1等井钻探证实深层上二叠统长兴组发育一套孔隙型礁滩复合体灰岩储层，突破了深层碳酸盐岩大油气田主要分布于孔隙型白云岩储层和岩溶缝洞型灰岩储层的传统认识。基于岩心和薄片观察、储层地球化学特征分析、井震联合的储层识别和追踪，开展深层礁滩灰岩孔隙形成机理研究，取得4个方面认识：①深层长兴组孔隙型礁滩复合体灰岩储集空间以粒间孔、格架孔、生物体腔孔、铸模孔和溶孔为主，形成于沉积和早表生环境；②断续分布的多孔礁滩复合体被相对致密的泥晶灰岩包裹，在复合体持续增温条件下导致局部异常高压的形成；③长兴组储层的底板为上二叠统吴家坪组互层的致密泥岩和灰岩，顶板为下三叠统飞仙关组一段致密泥晶灰岩夹泥岩，在致密顶底板的夹持下，导致长兴组区域异常高压的形成；异常高压（超压封存箱）是沉积和早表生环境形成的孔隙在深层得以保持的关键；④在顶底板和礁滩复合体识别基础上，通过井震联合预测有利礁滩灰岩储层分布面积达10.3×10⁴ km²。上述认识奠定了深层孔隙型灰岩储层发育的理论基础，拓展了四川盆地深层灰岩储层勘探新领域。

为明确四川盆地二叠系龙潭组（吴家坪组）沉积期不同沉积相带页岩孔隙结构特征及发育主控因素，以綦江地区DYS1井岩心及利川地区沙溪剖面露头样品为研究对象，综合运用氩离子抛光扫描电镜、低温液氮—压汞联合测试、氮气吸附及聚焦离子束三维扫描（3D?FIB?SEM）等试验分析，对页岩孔隙发育程度和形态结构进行定量表征。研究表明：①处于潮坪潟湖相的DYS1井龙潭组页岩气层主要发育煤及与之相邻的暗色泥页岩，孔隙类型主要发育平行板状、夹板状微裂缝和黏土矿物孔，见有机质结构孔，但相对不太发育，孔径多小于50 nm，分布为多峰型，孔隙连通性中等。②处于深水陆棚相的利川沙溪剖面吴家坪组以暗色页岩为主，孔隙类型则以墨水瓶状沥青质有机孔为主，孔径多小于50 nm，分布为单峰型，孔隙连通性相对较好。③明确了有机质类型、TOC含量、矿物成分是影响龙潭组、吴家坪组孔隙发育的主控因素，其中深水陆棚相发育Ⅱ₁型干酪根类型的页岩，TOC、硅质矿物含量与孔体积存在较好的正相关性，有机质孔更发育，潮坪—潟湖相发育Ⅲ型干酪根类型的煤和页岩，黏土矿物含量和TOC呈正向关耦合关系，与孔体积呈较好正相关性，其中黏土矿物影响更大，有机质孔相对占比小。

In order to clarify the pore structure characteristics and main controlling factors of shale in different sedimentary facies belts of the Permian Longtan Formation （Wujiaping Formation） in the Sichuan Basin， we performed scanning electron microscopy（SEM）， mercury intrusion， nitrogen adsorption isotherm and three-dimensional focused ion beam （3D-FIB） analyses on cores in Well DYS1 of Qijiang area and the outcrop samples of the Lichuan Shaxi section， which allows us to classify the pore types， numbers and structures. The results show： （1） The tidal flat lagoon phase shale of the Longtan Formation in the Well DYS1 mainly developed coal and adjacent dark mud shale. The pore types are mainly parallel plate， splint micro cracks and clay mineral pores. The organic structure pores are relatively undeveloped， the pore size is less than 50nm， the distribution is multimodal， and the pore connectivity is medium. （2） The Wujiaping Formation of the Lichuan Shaxi section in the deep-water shed is dominated by dark shale， and the pore type is mainly composed of ink-like asphaltic organic pores. The pore size is less than 50 nm， the distribution is unimodal， and the pore connectivity is relatively good. （3） It is clear that the organic matter type， TOC content and mineral composition are the main controlling factors affecting the pore development of Longtan Formation and Wujiaping Formation. The deep shale developed kerogen type II1， the TOC and siliceous mineral content have a good positive correlation with the pore volume， and the organic pores are more developed. The tidal flat-lagoon phase coal and shale develop type III kerogen， clay mineral content and TOC are positively coupled， and positively correlated with pore volume， but clay minerals have greater influence， and organic matter pores have a smaller proportion.

川东北地区二叠系大隆组泥岩的硅质成因复杂，基于乐坝1井岩心、薄片和地球化学等资料，开展了泥岩岩相划分，分析了不同类型岩相泥岩矿物组成、储集特征、含气性和硅质成因，结合岩石力学参数，分析了不同硅质成因泥岩的可压裂性差异，优选了甜点层段并分析了勘探潜力。研究结果表明：研究区大隆组泥岩可以划分为3种岩相：其中下部的富碳—中硅—中钙泥岩和中部的富碳—高硅—低钙泥岩分别具有较高—最高的TOC、孔隙度和含气量，有机质孔相对发育且孔隙类型以介孔—微孔为主；泥岩的硅质主要来源于生物作用，热液有一定影响；其具有相对较小的抗压强度和泊松比、较大的杨氏模量，可压性相对较好。上部的中低碳—高硅—低钙泥岩具有低TOC、低孔隙度、低含气量的特征，其有机质孔不发育，孔隙类型以介孔为主；硅质主要来源于火山热液作用；其具有相对较大的抗压强度和泊松比、较小的杨氏模量，可压性相对较差。总之下部的富碳—中硅—中钙泥岩和中部的富碳—高硅—低钙泥岩是地质工程“双甜点”层段，其展布稳定，保存条件好，埋深适中，是下一步有望实现勘探突破的有利层系。

川东北地区二叠系大隆组泥岩的硅质成因复杂，基于乐坝1井岩心、薄片和地球化学等资料，开展了泥岩岩相划分，分析了不同类型岩相泥岩矿物组成、储集特征、含气性和硅质成因，结合岩石力学参数，分析了不同硅质成因泥岩的可压裂性差异，优选了甜点层段并分析了勘探潜力。研究结果表明：研究区大隆组泥岩可以划分为3种岩相：其中下部的富碳—中硅—中钙泥岩和中部的富碳—高硅—低钙泥岩分别具有较高—最高的TOC、孔隙度和含气量，有机质孔相对发育且孔隙类型以介孔—微孔为主；泥岩的硅质主要来源于生物作用，热液有一定影响；其具有相对较小的抗压强度和泊松比、较大的杨氏模量，可压性相对较好。上部的中低碳—高硅—低钙泥岩具有低TOC、低孔隙度、低含气量的特征，其有机质孔不发育，孔隙类型以介孔为主；硅质主要来源于火山热液作用；其具有相对较大的抗压强度和泊松比、较小的杨氏模量，可压性相对较差。总之下部的富碳—中硅—中钙泥岩和中部的富碳—高硅—低钙泥岩是地质工程“双甜点”层段，其展布稳定，保存条件好，埋深适中，是下一步有望实现勘探突破的有利层系。

四川盆地深层—超深层碳酸盐岩层系分布面积约为10×10⁴km²，源—储叠合有序分布，勘探潜力巨大。通过系统梳理四川盆地深层—超深层基本石油地质条件，分析存在的勘探类型和勘探潜力，指出未来勘探方向。研究认为：(1)“裂陷—坳陷”构造旋回控制深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层分布，区域上发育4 套厚层白云岩储层，其分布主要受控于沉积相带，最有利储层发育区位于裂陷边缘台缘带；(2) 多期隆—坳相间的构造格局控制了四川盆地海相烃源岩广覆式发育，其中最优质烃源岩包括寒武系麦地坪组—筇竹寺组、志留系龙马溪组和二叠系龙潭组；(3) 常规孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层主要分布于川西北和川中—川东地区，层系以震旦系—寒武系和二叠系为主，埋藏深度在6000～10000m，形成下生上储、旁生侧储和上生下储三种成藏组合，成藏条件优越，扬子克拉通西北缘灯影组台缘带和长兴组礁滩、川东震旦系与二叠系下组合礁滩体是未来规模增储重点区带，资源规模超万亿吨；(4) 泥灰岩非常规储层层系以茅一段和雷三二亚段为主，源储一体成藏，埋深在3000～6000m，资源潜力超3×10¹²t，有望成为重大接替领域；其中茅一段有利区主要分布在川东—蜀南地区，雷三二亚段有利区主要分布在川中地区。

The deep–ultra-deep carbonate rock series in Sichuan Basin have an area of about 10×10⁴km², with superposition and orderly distribution of source rock and reservoir, showing huge exploration potential. After systematically studying the basic petroleum geological conditions of deep–ultra-deep formation in Sichuan Basin, the possible exploration types and their exploration potential are analyzed, and the future exploration orientation is put forward. The study results show that: (1) The “rift–depression” structural cycle controlled the distribution of deep–ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs. Four sets of thick dolomite reservoirs were developed in the region, and their distribution was mainly controlled by sedimentary facies zones, with the most favorable reservoir developed in platform margin at the edge of the rift. (2) The structural pattern of multi-stage alternating uplift and depression controlled the widespread marine source rocks in Sichuan Basin, among which source rocks with the best quality included the Cambrian Maidiping Formation–Qiongzhusi Formation, Silurian Longmaxi Formation, and Permian Longtan Formation. (3) The conventional porosity type carbonate reservoirs were mainly developed in the Sinian–Cambrian and Permian in the northwestern and central–eastern Sichuan Basin, with burial depth of 6000-10000 m. Three types of hydrocarbon accumulation combinations were formed, i.e., lower source rock and upper reservoir, side source rock and side reservoir, and upper source rock and lower reservoir, with superior hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. The key zones for increasing reserves on a large scale include Dengying Formation platform margin and Changxing Formation reef flat in the northwestern margin of Yangtze Craton, and the reef flat in the lower combination in the Sinian and Permian in the eastern Sichuan Basin, with a resource scale of more than one trillion tons. (4) The unconventional marl reservoirs were mainly developed in the first member of Maokou Formation (Mao 1 member) and the second sub-member of the third member of Leikoupo Formation (Lei 32 sub-member), with integrated source rock and reservoir, burial depth of 3000-6000 m, and resources of more than 3×10^12&nbsp;t, which is expected to be a major replacement field. The favorable area of Mao 1 member is mainly distributed in the eastern–southern Sichuan Basin, while that of Lei 32 sub-member was mainly distributed in the central Sichuan Basin.