珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新世珠江组SQ21.0层序发育与混源型深水峡谷体系有关的规模深水扇砂岩岩性油气藏。基于钻井约束下的三维高精度层序地层分析，系统解剖白云凹陷中新世SQ21.0层序碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩混源型深水峡谷体系的形态、充填演化与主控因素。研究显示该混源型深水峡谷体系自陆架坡折带向南部陆坡延伸超150 km，呈SN向展布于白云凹陷东区；该峡谷体系呈现上陆坡峡谷体系头部、中陆坡白云东洼区和下陆坡云荔低隆起—荔湾凹陷区等三段式发育特征，剖面形态由上陆坡的“V”型演变为中下陆坡的“U”型—“W”型，平面上由多条发散状峡谷水道演变为一条大型深水峡谷体系。受古珠江三角洲—东沙陆隆起台地双物源演化、相对海平面变化、陆架坡折和限制性陆坡地貌等共同控制，在强制海退期—低位期发育古珠江三角洲和东沙隆起滨岸体系供源的富砂型峡谷水道体系，而在相对海平面上升的海侵期—高位期发育大规模泥质/碳酸盐岩台地供源的峡谷水道体系，强烈下切侵蚀出现在限制性强的陡坡区，充填物相对富泥或富灰质。近SN向分布的泥/灰质水道峡谷体系切过近EW向展布的鼻状构造带和下覆早期富砂深水扇体形成大规模的岩性圈闭群，为近期深水区岩性圈闭勘探的重点突破领域。

The Miocene SQ21.0 sequence of the Zhujiang Formation in the Baiyun Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, developed large-scale deep-water fan sandstone stratigraphic reservoirs related to a mixed-source deep-water canyon system. Based on the 3-dimensional high-resolution sequence stratigraphy method constrained by drilling data, this study details the morphology, filling evolution, and main controlling factors of a mixed-source deep-water canyon system of clastic and carbonate rocks in the SQ21.0 sequence during the Miocene in the Baiyun Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Our findings show that the mixed-source canyon system extends >150 km from the continental shelf break to the southern slope and is distributed in a SN direction in the eastern area of the Baiyun Depression, which presents a characteristic three-segment pattern, such as the head of the upper slope canyon system, Baiyun East Depression on the middle slope, and Yunli Low Uplift Liwan Depression on the lower slope. The profile topology has evolved from a V-shaped upper slope to a U-W-shaped middle and lower slope, and in the plane, it has evolved from multiple divergent canyons into a large canyon system. The development and distribution of the mixed-source canyon system of the Zhujiang Formation were controlled by the evolution of the dual source of the Paleo-Pearl River Delta-Dongsha Uplift platform, relative sea-level changes, shelf breaks, and restricted slope landforms. During the early forced regression of relative sea-level decline, a sand-rich canyon channel system supplied by the coastline system of the Paleo-Pearl River Delta and Dongsha Uplift developed, with significant erosion to the shelf-break-outer shelf and restricted slope change areas. Conversely, during transgression to the highstand period of relative sea level rise, with the retreat of the Paleo-Pearl River Delta source and rapid growth of reefs on the Dongsha Uplift platform, a large-scale canyon channel system supplied by argillaceous/carbonate detritus developed, with intense incision erosion occurring in the upper-middle section of the strongly restricted steep slope filled with relatively rich mud or lime debris. Canyon channel systems were filled with mud or lime debris, with a near-NS-oriented distribution, cutting across the nose-shaped structural belts and underlying early deep-water sand fan bodies in the near EW direction, forming large-scale stratigraphic trap groups which serve as key breakthrough areas for the recent exploration of stratigraphic traps in Baiyun deep-water areas.

新生代海洋碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)的重建长期受到学术界的广泛关注。本研究以南海14个站位20个钻孔的综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)物质数据与年龄-深度模型,恢复了对应钻孔的古水深,计算了碳酸盐累积速率(CAR),基于线性回归的方法,重建了南海27 Ma以来CCD变化。研究结果显示:南海在海盆拉张形成期(27~18 Ma)出现了CCD超过2 000 m大幅度的下降;在随后的中中新世气候适宜期(MMCO)期间,南海CCD出现800 m 变浅。8 Ma以来南海CCD演化和赤道太平洋的演化呈现了不同的演化趋势:前者在3 500~4 000 m范围内波动,后者则从4 000 m持续下降到4 500 m左右。27 Ma之前,广泛的陆源输入和上升洋流发育导致南海出现浅的CCD。27~18 Ma时期的构造拉张导致的海盆加深,同时上升洋流减弱,被解释为该时期CCD下降的主要因素。MMCO期间气候驱动下的海平面波动导致了碳酸盐沉积核心区域的变化,是造成CCD波动的重要原因。8 Ma以来南海和太平洋CCD的差异演化是太平洋底水与南海底水的交换不畅的结果。

The reconstruction of carbonate compensation depth (CCD) in the Cenozoic Ocean has been a focus of attention from the academic community. In this paper, based on the IODP (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program) substances data and age-depth models from 20 boreholes at 14 sites in the South China Sea, the paleo-water depths in the boreholes were restored, the carbonate accumulation rate (CAR) was calculated, and CCD changes in the South China Sea since 27 Ma were reconstructed using linear regression method. Results showed that CCD in the South China Sea significantly decreased by more than 2000 m during the basin stretching period (27-18 Ma), while during Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO) it became shallower by 800 m. Since 8 Ma, CCDs in the South China Sea and the equatorial Pacific Ocean exhibited different evolutionary trends, with the former fluctuating between 3500-4000 m and the latter continuing to decline from 4000 m to ~4500 m. Prior to 27 Ma, extensive terrigenous input and development of upwelling led to shallow CCD in the South China Sea. The deepening of the sea basin and the weakening of the upwelling caused by tectonic tension during 27-18 Ma were interpreted as the main factors contributing to the decline of CCD during this period. Climate-driven sea-level fluctuations during MMCO led to changes in the core region of carbonate deposition, which was an important reason for CCD fluctuations. The differential evolution of CCD in the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean since 8 Ma was the result of poor bottom water exchange between the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea.

The last statistic data for reserves in offshore fields have shown that natural gas is more than oil in South China Sea. Proved oil reserves and gas reserves take up 38, and 62, respectively of the total. Among the total proved reserves, the reserves in clastic reservoirs occupy 57,, the ones in carbonate reservoirs do 36, and the ones in pre-Tertiary fractured bedrock reservoirs are 7, of the total. The fields of clastic reservoirs are commonly located in the areas near sediment source. The ones of carbonate reservoirs are mainly distributed in the platform areas away from the sediment source. The ones of pre-Tertiary bedrock reservoirs are mostly in strike-slip basins that are located at the west margin of the sea. The proved reserves distribute respectively in the Miocene rocks(51,), in the Lower Miocene rocks(17,) and in the pre-Tertiary bedrocks (11,). High geothermal gradient and the types of organic matter in source rocks are the reasons that gas is richer than oil in resource and the different types of basins decide that resource is richer in the southern part of the sea than in the northern part of it. The tectonic history and the peripheral paleo-river system controls the reservoir types of fields and temporal and spatial distribution of fields.

基于大量钻井、测井和地震资料分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下马家沟组四段天然气地质条件与成藏主控因素开展研究,提出古隆起控相、控储、控藏新认识：①马家沟组沉积期,中央古隆起分隔盆地中东部华北海与西南缘秦祁海两大沉积体系,在马四段台缘带发育巨厚丘状颗粒滩相白云岩,同时控制盆地中东部形成“两隆两凹”古地理格局,其中水下低隆带发育台内滩相白云岩,隆间低洼区发育泥灰岩。②由中央古隆起至盆地东缘,马四段白云岩逐渐减薄并相变为灰岩,灰岩致密带侧向封挡形成大面积白云岩岩性圈闭。③加里东末期中央古隆起遭受不同程度剥蚀,面积达6×10⁴ km²,上古生界石炭系—二叠系煤系优质烃源岩大面积披覆沉积,成为下伏奥陶系盐下白云岩岩性圈闭规模供烃主体。④印支期—燕山期盆地西倾掀斜,中央古隆起下拗转变为高效供烃窗,上古生界煤系烃源岩通过中央古隆起高孔渗白云岩体向上倾高部位侧向供烃,盐下海相烃源岩作为重要的气源补充,通过加里东期断裂、微裂缝输导供烃。以新认识为指导,转变勘探思路,综合评价优选盆地中东部马四段两大有利勘探区,部署实施两口风险探井均钻遇较厚马四段（含）气层,其中1口井获高产工业气流。该研究推动了奥陶系盐下马四段天然气勘探的历史性突破,开辟了鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探的重要新领域。

通过解剖四川盆地高石梯震旦系灯影组边缘礁滩大气藏、开江—梁平海槽两侧二叠系—三叠系边缘礁滩 大气藏以及塔里木盆地塔中I 号奥陶系边缘礁滩大气藏的形成与演化，分析碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩大气藏的成藏主 控因素，构建成藏模式，形成勘探思路。四川盆地、塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩台地内裂隆耦合发育形成的隆坳构造格局及 其发展演化，不仅控制了烃源岩、礁滩体以及岩溶优质储层的空间展布，而且控制了生储盖的空间组合关系，最终决 定了边缘礁滩体大气田的形成，即裂隆耦合控源、控相、控储、控藏。裂陷槽控制优质烃源岩的空间展布，从而形成 生烃中心；槽隆接合部位的坡折带控制礁滩体的发育及空间展布，从而形成沿坡折带走向发育的带状礁滩优势相带； 裂隆的沉降抬升演化可以导致多期多类型的岩溶作用，从而在边缘礁滩相带上叠加形成优质缝洞型岩溶储层。碳酸盐 岩台地内边缘礁滩体大气藏的形成可以概括为裂隆耦合构造格局形成、裂隆耦合礁滩建造、裂隆耦合岩溶建储、裂隆 耦合盖层建造、边缘礁滩体成油和边缘礁滩体成气调整改造等6 个阶段。对于碳酸盐岩台地内边缘礁滩体大气藏，应 采取“定槽（源）、选隆、探礁滩”的勘探思路。

By analyzing formation and evolution processes of major gas reservoirs in marginal reefs of Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti Area of the Sichuan Basin, in Permian —Triassic marginal reefs on both sides of the Kaijiang-Liangping Marine Trench and in Ordovician marginal reefsin Tazhong-I slope-break belt of the Tarim Basin, reservoir formation modes and major controlling factors for large-scale gas reservoirs in marginal reefsof carbonate tablelandhave been studied to establish reliable foundation for exploration works. Within the Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, structural patterns generated by joint development of faults and uplifts in carbonate tableland and their evolution controlled not only spatial distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks, reefs and high-quality reservoir formations in karst formations, but also spatial combination of generation, preservation and capping formations. Eventually, these structural patterns may determine the formation of large-scale gas fields in marginal reefs. In other words, joint development of faults and uplifts may control sources, phases, preservation and reserves in relevant reservoirs. Aulacogen may control spatial distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks to form hydrocarbongeneration center; Slope break belts around joint sections of faults and uplifts may control development and spatial distribution of reefs. Consequently, favorable reef belts developed along such slope-break belts may be formed; Subsidence and uplifting of faults and uplifts may generatekarstification of various types in different phases. Consequently, high-quality karst reservoir formations of fracture-cavity type can be formed on such marginal reefs. Generally speaking, formation of large-scale gas reservoirs in marginal reefs of carbonate tableland can be divided into 6 stages: formation of structural patterns with joint development of faults and uplifts, formation of reef structures, formation of capping formations, formation of oil reservoirs in marginal reefsand formation of gas reservoirs in such marginal reefs. To explore large-scale gas reservoirs in marginal reefsof carbonate tablelandprinciples with “Identification of trench (source), selection of uplifts and exploration of reefs” shall be followed.

Based on gravity anomalies, magnetic signatures, seismic data, drilled wells, and geotectonic property and Cenozoic major tectonic deformation, three basement areas of the Cenozoic basin, i.e. the northern, the western and the southern ones, can be divided in South China Sea. The northern basement is characterized by Paleozoic metamorphic rock and Mesozoic residual faulted depression and it is be further divided into 3 subareas, which include the Beibu Gulf basement subarea, the Pearl River Mouth Paleozoic basement subarea and the Xisha Islands Paleozoic basement subarea. The western one is characterized by strike-slips and it includes 3 sub-zones, i.e. the Yinggehai Paleozoic basement subarea, the Zhongjiannan and the Wan'an Mesozoic basement subareas. The southern one is more complex and it is divided to 2 sub-areas, i.e. the Zengmu early Cenozoic folded basement subarea and the Nansha Paleozoic-Mesozoic complex basement subarea. These 8 sub-areas are separated each other from the subduction-collision suture belt, the ophiolite suite belt, the deep-sea radiolarite belt, the mid-ocean ridge basalt belt and the deep great strike-slip fracturing belt. These belts show different evolution histories and dominate several types of geological characteristics of Cenozoic sub-basins in South China Sea.

南海边缘海构造旋回包括古南海形成与萎缩及新南海形成与萎缩两个构造旋回，形成中央洋壳、大陆坡和大陆架。古南海扩张前南海具有统一拼合基底“古南海陆块”，古南海白垩纪末—始新世为扩张期，渐新世—第四纪为萎缩期，现今洋壳已基本消减殆尽。新南海古—始新世为陆内裂谷期，渐新世晚期—中中新世为洋壳扩张期，中中新世至今为萎缩期，表现为南北向扩张停滞，菲律宾岛弧向西仰冲，但处于萎缩期早期。上述两个旋回叠加控制了南海区域构造格局的形成。边缘海构造旋回控制了南海各大陆边缘及地块性质。北部大陆边缘为被动大陆边缘；南沙地块具有漂移性质；南部大陆边缘为多期叠加型活动大陆边缘，西部具有转换特征，东部为挤压岛架型大陆边缘。

The South China Sea is tectonogeographically composed of the central ocean crust, continental slopes, and continental shelves. The tectonic evolution of the marginal oceanic basin in the South China Sea includes two cycles: Paleo and New South China Sea tectonic periods, both of which had undergone formation and shrink stages. Prior to the PaleoSouth China Sea, there used to be a united basement in the present basin area before the Cenozoic. The PaleoSouth China Sea had undergone rifting, drifting and subduction stages. The two former stages are characterized by extension in the periods from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene. The subsequent shrinking period was from the Oligocene to the Quaternary, and the related oceanic crust had been subducted and disappeared. The new South China Sea had undergone two construction stages including intracontinental rifting during the Paleocene to the Eocene and marginal continental drifting during the late Oligocene to the middle Miocene, which were followed by the shrinking episode since the middle Miocene. The shrinking stage was characterized by ceasing of the northsouth expansion in the area probably owing to the Philippine island arc westward obduction from the middle Miocene to the present. The two tectonic cycles of marginal oceanic basin controlled the regional tectonic patterns, natures of the component blocks, and attributes of the basin margins. As the results of the two tectonic cycles, the northern margin is a passive continental margin; its southern Nansha block is a drifted block from south; the southern edge is a kind of polyphase active continental margin; its western margin is bounded by strikeslip fault system; and the eastern part is enclosed by the Philippine Island Arc showing compressional features.

依据重磁资料在南海及其邻区识别出17条深大断裂和10个重磁异常区.据此并结合其他地质资料，在南海及其邻区划分出7个地质结构不同的构造单元.早白垩世南海地区曾形成过统一的基底，新生代时统一的南海基底发生肢解，这一个肢解过程经历了两个在时空上接踵发生、交叠作用的构造事件.第一个构造事件为巽他地块与华夏古陆之间古南海的萎缩、闭合和地块碰撞；第二个构造事件为南沙地块裂离华夏古陆并向巽他地块增生，且伴随新南海的持续扩张，直至中中新世.区域构造演化控制了南海沉积盆地呈"北三南三、东西两竖"格局分布，进而控制了油气富集区的分布.