塔里木盆地天然气资源丰富，在库车坳陷、塔中隆起和塔北隆起勘探成效显著。目前塔里木盆地天然气勘探拓展需求日益增加，需要对盆地天然气形成地质条件进行深化总结，分析盆地天然气资源潜力，更好地指导勘探工作。为此，对塔里木盆地前陆区、台盆区常规天然气和非常规天然气形成地质条件进行分析，明确不同地区和不同类型天然气形成主要控制因素，并总结不同地区天然气成藏模式。详细介绍了塔里木盆地第四次油气资源评价过程中常规天然气和非常规天然气评价方法及结果。最新评价结果显示，塔里木盆地常规天然气资源量为117 398.96×10⁸m³，非常规天然气（包括致密砂岩气和页岩气）资源量约为3×10¹²m³。并对盆地剩余天然气分布特征进行分析，指出剩余天然气分布的主要构造单元和层系，为进一步明确塔里木盆地今后天然气勘探方向提供了科学依据。

The natural gas resource is abundant in Tarim Basin.During these years，exploration achievements of natural gas are mainly in Kuqa foreland basin，Tazhong uplift and Tabei Uplift.With the increasing demand of natural gas resource，the geological condition of natural gas needs to be deepened and the natural gas resource potential of Tarim Basin needs to be evaluated.We analyze the geological condition of natural gas in foreland area and cratonarea，investigate the key factors controlling natural gas accumulation in different areas and different types of resource，and set up natural gas accumulation models for different areas.We also introduce the methods and result of resource evaluation in Tarim Basin.According to the recent evaluation，there are 117 398.96×<span style="font-size:13.3333px;">10</span>⁸<span style="font-size:13.3333px;">m</span>^3&nbsp; conventional gas resources and 30 000×<span style="font-size:13.3333px;">10</span>⁸<span style="font-size:13.3333px;">m</span>³ unconventional gas resources in Tarim Basin.By analyzing the distribution of residual natural gas resources，we point out the main structural units and layers that are with the most residual natural gas resources.This research will provide scientific base for future natural gas exploration in Tarim Basin.

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡罗探1井在奥陶系碳酸盐岩获得勘探新突破，是麦盖提斜坡奥陶系断控岩溶新类型油气藏的首次勘探突破，标志着斜坡区发现一个重要的战略接替领域。结合区域钻井、测井、地震等资料，开展罗探1等井分析化验资料的综合分析，对麦盖提斜坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩的成藏条件进行再认识。麦盖提斜坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩断控岩溶储层的形成主要与走滑断裂活动相关，是麦盖提斜坡三类主要成储模式之一；麦盖提斜坡目前已发现油气均来自于寒武系玉尔吐斯组烃源岩，基底古构造控制了下寒武统的沉积和烃源岩的分布；斜坡区存在加里东期、海西-印支期和喜山期三期油气充注成藏过程，烃源岩、古构造演化及通源断裂控制油气复式聚集成藏，断裂活动期次、断穿层系决定了油气富集层系与油气藏性质。麦盖提斜坡奥陶系走滑断裂十分发育，延伸距离累计可达1000km以上，控制了断控岩溶储层和油气藏的分布，平面上具有明显的分区特征，资源规模大、可部署性强，展示出巨大的勘探潜力，是塔西南地区规模油气勘探发现和战略接替的重要现实领域。

塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带克探1井在白垩系亚格列木组下段砂砾岩获得重大突破，实现了“克拉之下找克拉”的构想，对白垩系深层勘探具有重要意义。通过对克探1井成藏条件、储层特征、构造模型的深入研究，明确了克拉苏构造带侏罗系—三叠系供烃、白垩系亚格列木组裂缝型砂砾岩成储、上覆白垩系舒善河组泥岩成盖的生储盖组合，并建立了“下生上储、垂向输导、立体成藏”新模式。克探1井的成功钻探，证实了克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组之下仍具备优越的储盖组合，并且越向深层靠近烃源岩，成藏条件越有利。同时亚格列木组断背斜圈闭成排成带，展示出巨大的勘探潜力，可形成新的天然气战略接替区。

A major breakthrough has been obtained in the glutenite reservoir in the lower member of the Cretaceous Yagelem Formation in Well Ketan 1 located in Kela 2 trap of Kelasu Structural Belt in Tarim Basin, realizing the idea of “discovering another Kela gas field below Kela Gas Field”, which is of great significance to the exploration of the deep Cretaceous. The in-depth study of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, reservoir physical properties and structural model in Well Ketan 1 is conducted, which supports to identify the hydrocarbon accumulation assemblage of “hydrocarbon supply by source rock in the Jurassic-Triassic, fractured type sandstone reservoir in Yagelem Formation,and mudstone cap rock in Shushanhe Formation” and establish a new hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of “lower generation and upper storage,vertical transport and stereoscopic accumulation” in Kelasu Structural Belt. The successful drilling of Well Ketan1 confirms that there is superior reservoir-cap rock assemblage below the Cretaceous Bashijiqik Formation in Kelasu Structural Belt, and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are more favorable when approaching to the deep source rock. In addition, the fault-anticline traps in Yagelem Formation are developed in rows and belts, which show great resource potential and can form a new strategic replacement area for gas exploration.

库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带博孜—大北地区超深层是塔里木油田目前油气勘探的重点领域,评价天然气资源量超万亿方。基于岩心、薄片、分析化验、测井及生产资料,对博孜—大北地区的油气源、储层、盖层特征进行分析,系统研究了该地区油气输导与充注特征,深入分析了博孜—大北地区油气成藏条件和油气聚集过程,明确了博孜—大北万亿方大气区的形成原因。研究结果表明:油气成藏具有“早期聚油,晚期聚气,超压充注,垂向输导、高效聚集”的总体特征。“早期浅埋、晚期快速深埋”使烃源岩具备持续生烃能力;良好的储、盖配置关系和断裂体系的垂向输导为油气的运聚提供了先决条件。成熟-过成熟的烃源岩,平面成排成带、垂向叠置分布的圈闭群,优质储层相带以及巨厚膏盐岩盖层在博孜—大北地区有效叠合,形成高丰度、超高压的大气藏群。

The ultra-deep layer of the Bozi-Dabei area, Kelasu structural belt, Kuqa foreland basin is a crucial oil and gas exploration area in the Tarim Oilfield with the estimated natural gas resource exceeding one trillion cubic meters. Based on cores, cast sheets, analytical assays, well logging and production data, the oil and gas sources, reservoirs and caprocks in the Bozi-Dabei area are analyzed, and subsequently the oil/gas transport and charging characteristics are systematically studied, the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and process are analyzed, and the formation mechanism of the giant Bozi-Dabei natural gas field is clarified. The general characteristics of oil/gas accumulation are early oil accumulation, late gas accumulation, overpressure charging, vertical transport, and efficient accumulation. And the “early-stage shallow burial, late-stage rapid deep burial” regiment enables the source rocks to generate hydrocarbon continuously, while the good reservoir-cap configuration and vertical transport via faults provide the pre-conditions for oil/gas migration and accumulation. Mature to over-mature source rocks, planar-arranged and vertical-stacked traps, high-quality reservoir facies belts, and huge thick gypsum-salt caprocks are effectively superimposed in the Bozi-Dabei area to form the large high-abundance, ultra-high-pressure natural gas reservoirs.

2023年9月, 塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部喀拉玉尔衮构造带雄探1井在上寒武统下丘里塔格组获重大油气勘探突破,继白垩系、古近系后,塔北地区又获一重要层系发现,标志着塔北地区具备多层系立体成藏特征。基于构造样式、断裂特征及雄探1井钻井、测井、测试资料的综合分析,明确了喀拉玉尔衮构造带烃源岩条件、油源通道和储、盖条件及圈闭类型,系统梳理了喀拉玉尔衮构造带寒武系下丘里塔格组的油气成藏要素及成藏模式。塔北隆起深层发育两套烃源岩,其中,寒武系玉尔吐斯组为主要烃源岩层,前寒武系裂陷槽烃源岩为潜在烃源岩。研究区构造运动活跃,发育加里东期、海西期和喜马拉雅期断裂,NNW向走滑断裂叠加NW向及EW向逆冲断裂,形成相互交错的断裂体系,垂向沟通深部烃源岩与储集层。研究区上寒武统下丘里塔格组具有早期成圈、多期成藏的特点,晚海西期受强烈挤压作用的影响,多条通源断裂及相关构造圈闭雏形形成,后期构造运动叠加,研究区持续隆升,形成上寒武统大面积连片分布的构造圈闭,捕获多期油气充注。建立了下丘里塔格组“下生上储、断裂输导、近源成藏”的构造油气成藏模式。研究认识揭示,塔北西部寒武系下丘里塔格组具有巨大的油气勘探潜力,有望成为盆地台盆区新的油气增储上产战略接替区。

Well Xiongtan 1 in Kalayuergun structural belt of western Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin, has made a major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in the Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in September 2023. This is another significant oil bearing strata discovery that has been made since Cretaceous and Paleogene in Tabei area, demonstrating the three-dimensional multi-layer hydrocarbon accumulation in Tabei area. Based on comprehensively analyzing the structural styles, fault characteristics, as well as the drilling, logging and testing data of Well Xiongtan 1, the paper makes clear the source rock conditions, oil and gas channel, reservoir-cap conditions and trap types of Kalayuergun structural belt, and systematically summarizes the accumulation elements and modes of the Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in Kalayuergun structural belt. Two sets of deep source rocks are developed in Tabei uplift. The hydrocarbon source correlation shows that the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation is the main source rock layer, and the potential source rock is developed in the pre-Cambrian rift trough. Tectonic movement is active in the study area, forming Caledonian, Hercynian and Himalayan faults. NNW-trending strike-slip faults are superimposed with NW- and EW-trending thrust faults, forming an interlaced fault system, which vertically communicates with deep source rocks and reservoirs. Traps of the Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation were formed at an early stage, where multiple periods of oil and gas accumulation occurred; under the influence of strong compression in Late Hercynian period, several faults connected with source rocks and related structural traps were initially formed. As a result of the late tectonic movement, the whole area continued to uplift, and formed a large area of continuously distributed tectonic traps in the Upper Cambrian reservoir, capturing oil and gas in multiple stages. The hydrocarbon accumulation mode of "lower generation and upper reservoir, dredging by faults and near-source accumulation" is established. The research results reveal that the Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in western Tabei uplift has a huge exploration prospect, and it is expected to become a new strategic replacement area for increasing reserve and production in the platform area of Tarim Basin.

位于塔里木盆地阿瓦提凹陷—满加尔凹陷过渡带的富东1井在奥陶系鹰山组2段台缘高能滩获得重大突破，对碳酸盐岩内幕区成藏具有重要意义。通过对富东1井成藏条件、储层特征、油气来源的深入研究，明确了富满油田东部深层寒武系玉尔吐斯组供烃、台缘高能滩成储、上覆致密碳酸盐岩成盖的生储盖组合，并建立了“寒武系供烃、次级网状断裂沟通油源、纵向输导、断控台缘高能滩复合油气成藏”新模式。富东1井的成功钻探，证实了台缘高能滩叠合次级网状断裂改造具备成储成藏能力，突破了早期认为的8000m以下超深层碳酸盐岩高能滩的勘探禁区，拓展了断控碳酸盐岩油气藏模式。同时，也是以台缘高能滩体+次级网状断裂油气藏为勘探思路的成功实践，打开了轮南—富满台缘带勘探新局面，有望引领塔里木盆地超深层复杂海相碳酸盐岩的勘探。

A major breakthrough has been obtained in the high-energy platform marginal beach in the second member of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Well Fudong 1 drilled in the transitional zone of Awati Sag-Manjiar Sag in Tarim Basin, which is of great significance to the understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation in the inner carbonate rocks. Based on the in-depth studies on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, reservoir properties and hydrocarbon sources in Well Fudong 1, the hydrocarbon accumulation assemblage in the eastern Fuman Oilfield is identified, which is composed of source rock of the deep Cambrian Yuertus Formation, reservoir of the high-energy platform marginal beach body, and cap rock of the overlying tight carbonate rocks, as well as a new complex hydrocarbon accumulation pattern is established, namely “hydrocarbon supply by the Cambrian, reservoir and oil source connection by secondary network faults, vertical hydrocarbon transport, and reservoir of fault-controlled high-energy beach body”. The success of Well Fudong 1 confirms that the high-energy platform marginal beach reconstructed by the secondary network faults has the capacities of reservoir development and hydrocarbon accumulation, breaking through the exploration forbidden zone in ultra-deep high-energy beach carbonate rocks with a depth of greater than 8000 m, and expanding the understanding on hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in fault-controlled carbonate reservoir. In addition, it is a successful practice of exploration idea of “high-energy platform marginal beach body + secondary network fault oil and gas reservoir”, which supports to open a new situation of exploration in Lunnan-Fuman platform marginal zone and lead the exploration deployment of ultra-deep complex marine carbonate rocks in Tarim Basin.

2020 年1 月，位于塔北隆起轮南低凸起的轮探1 井在8200m 之下的下寒武统白云岩中获得轻质原油， 塔里木古老克拉通超深层油气勘探获得重大突破。通过对轮探1 井发现情况描述与超深层寒武系盐下油藏发现历程分 析，旨在为其他类似地区新区、新层系、新类型的勘探提供借鉴与参考。轮探1 井钻揭寒武系玉尔吐斯组一套优质烃 源岩，以及阿瓦塔格组蒸发膏岩/ 沙依里克组&mdash;吾松格尔组白云岩储层与玉尔吐斯组泥岩/ 震旦系奇格布拉克组白 云岩风化壳储层两套储盖组合。轮探1 井产层为吾松格尔组，为正常温压系统的挥发性油藏；震旦系奇格布拉克组风 化壳获得微量天然气。塔里木盆地台盆区勘探经历了从碎屑岩到碳酸盐岩、从碳酸盐岩到盐下白云岩的两次战略转移; 轮探1 井是第二次战略转移的重要标志，具有里程碑意义。轮探1 井成藏有利条件在于具有继承性稳定古隆起与优质 的生储盖组合；通过类比，分析了塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩勘探前景，指出塔中&mdash;古城、塔北南斜坡、麦盖提斜 坡北&mdash;柯坪等有利区为下步勘探重点区带。

In January 2020, light crude oil was obtained from Lower Cambrian dolomite with burial depth deeper than 8200 m in Well Luntan-1, which is located in the Lunnan low bulge in the Tabei uplift. The result indicated a major breakthrough in ultradeep oil and gas exploration in the old craton of Tarim. This paper describes the process of discovering Well Luntan-1 and analyzes the discovery history of the ultra-deep Cambrian subsalt oil reservoirs, with the intention of providing reference for the exploration of new zones, new strata and new types in other similar areas. According to drilling results from Well Luntan-1, a set of high-quality source rocks is developed in the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation, and there are 2 sets of reservoir-cap assemblage. One is evaporite gypsum cap rocks in the Awatage Formation and dolomite reservoir in the Shayilike &ndash; Wusonggeer Formations. The other is mudstone cap rocks in the Yuertusi Formation and dolomite weathering crust reservoir in the Sinian Qigebulake Formation. The production layer in Well Luntan-1 is the Wusonggeer Formation, which is a volatile-oil reservoir with normal temperature and pressure gradients. In addition, trace natural gas was obtained from the weathering crust of the Sinian Qigebulake Formation. Exploration of the platform-basin transitional area in the Tarim Basin has experienced 2 strategic shifts: from clastic rocks to carbonate rocks, and from carbonate rocks to pre-salt dolomite. Well Luntan-1 is an important symbol of the second strategic shift, which is of milestone significance. The favorable accumulation conditions of Well Luntan-1 are the successive development of stable paleo- uplift and the high-quality source-reservoir-cap assemblages. Through analogy, this paper analyzes the exploration prospects for the Cambrian pre-salt dolomite in the Tarim Basin, and points out that favorable areas, such as the Tazhong-Gucheng area, the south slope of the Tabei area, and the northern Maigaiti slope-Keping area, are the key areas for the next steps in exploration.

位于塔里木盆地北部坳陷的满深1 井在奥陶系一间房组获得重大突破。通过对满深1 井成藏条件、油藏 特征及富集规律的深入研究，总结了塔里木盆地北部坳陷断控岩溶区高产井油气成藏模式和富集规律。塔里木盆地海相 碳酸盐岩主要发育潜山岩溶、层间岩溶、礁滩岩溶和断控岩溶4 种不同的岩溶类型，满深1 井钻遇断控岩溶；满深1 井 是迄今为止断控岩溶油气藏埋藏最深、单井产量最高的发现井，在埋深7535m 的奥陶系一间房组测试折日产油624m3， 折日产气37.13&times;104m3；建立了断控岩溶油气藏3 种富集模式，即线性走滑上倾高部位、张扭侧向高部位、压扭局部高 部位。满深1 井的成功钻探，是以断裂为核心的碳酸盐岩断控岩溶油气藏勘探思路的成功实践，实现了塔北隆起与塔中 凸起之间的鞍部油气勘探的突破，对整个塔里木盆地深层&mdash;超深层油气勘探具有重大意义。

Well Manshen 1, located in the Northern depression of the Tarim Basin, has achieved a great breakthrough in the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation. Based on in-depth studies of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, reservoir characteristics, and enrichment patterns of the well, the hydrocarbon accumulation model and enrichment patterns of high-production wells in fault-controlled karst areas in the Northern depression of the Tarim Basin have been summarized. There are four types of marine carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin: buried hill karst, interlayer karst, reef-shoal karst and fault-controlled karst. Well Manshen 1 penetrated fault-controlled karst. Well Manshen 1 is a discovery well of fault-controlled karst reservoir with the deepest burial depth and the highest single well production so far. In the Yijianfang Formation of the Ordovician, with a buried depth of 7535 m, tested oil production is 624 m3/d and gas production is 37.13&times;104 m3/d. Three enrichment patterns of fault-controlled karst reservoirs are established: linear strike-slip up-dip high position, transtensional lateral high position, and compressive-shear local high position. The discovery of Well Manshen 1 is a successful practical application of the exploration idea of fault-controlled karst carbonate reservoirs with faults as the core. It has achieved a breakthrough in oil and gas discovery in the saddle position between the Tabei uplift and the Tazhong bulge, which is of great significance for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin as a whole.

塔西南山前地区西天山冲断带乌恰构造带恰探1井在石炭系—二叠系碳酸盐岩获得重大突破，标志着塔西南山前地区发现一个重要的勘探接替层系。结合区域地质资料，根据野外露头、钻井、地震等研究，以及恰探1井、昆探1井等分析化验资料的综合分析，对塔西南山前地区石炭系—二叠系的成藏条件进行再认识。研究认为，塔西南山前地区晚石炭世—早二叠世发育宽缓的“马蹄形”台缘带，形成了呈带分布的高能滩有利沉积相带，区内二叠系棋盘组发育海湾潟湖相烃源岩，厚度最大达到500m，有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ型，有机质丰度高；受沉积相带和岩溶作用双重控制，在晚石炭世—早二叠世形成裂缝—孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层，与上覆二叠系棋盘组厚层泥岩构成有利生储盖组合，进而建立了“下生上储、断裂输导、近源成藏”的油气成藏新模式。综合分析认为，该地区石炭系—二叠系断背斜圈闭成排成带分布，具有近源成藏优势，评价优选出了叶探1井、阿北1JS井等多个有利勘探目标方向，具有良好的勘探前景，可成为规模天然气勘探发现的重要接替领域。

A major breakthrough has been made in the Carboniferous-Permian carbonate rocks in Well Qiatan 1 in Wuqia structural zone in the West Tianshan Thrust Belt, marking the discovery of a major replacement formation in the piedmont southwestern Tarim Basin. Combined with the regional geological data, studies on field outcrops, drilling, and seismic data, as well as the comprehensive analysis of laboratory experimental and test data in wells Qiatan 1 and Kuntan 1, hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the Carboniferous-Permian in the piedmont southwestern Tarim Basin are re-recognized. The study results show that a “horseshoe-shaped” platform margin zone was developed in the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian in the piedmont southwestern Tarim Basin, and a favorable high-energy beach sedimentary facies zone was formed in belts, in which source rocks of bay lagoon facies were deposited in the Permian Qipan Formation, with a thickness of up to 500 m, type Ⅰ-Ⅱ organic matter, and high organic matter abundance. Jointly controlled by sedimentary facies and karstification, the fractured-vuggy type carbonate reservoirs were developed in the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, forming a favorable reservoir and cap rock assemblage with the overlying thick mudstone in the Permian Qipan Formation. As a result, a new hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of “lower source rock and upper reservoir, hydrocarbon transport by fault and near-source accumulation” is established. The comprehensive analysis indicates that the fault anticline traps in the Carboniferous-Permian are distributed in rows and belts, which have the advantage of near-source hydrocarbon accumulation, and a number of favorable exploration targets such as wells Yetan 1 and Abei 1JS are optimally selected after evaluation, showing good exploration prospects, which are expected to be the major replacement field for large-scale gas exploration and discovery.

塔西南山前西昆仑冲断带柯东构造带叶探1井在二叠系普斯格组获得重大突破，标志着塔西南山前地区发现一个重要的勘探接替层系。结合区域地质资料，根据野外露头、钻井、地震等综合研究，对柯克亚周缘二叠系普斯格组的成藏条件进行再认识。研究认为，区内二叠系普斯格组发育陆相湖泊—三角洲沉积体系，上段发育半深湖—深湖相烃源岩，面积为1.0×10⁴km²，厚度最大达到800m，集中段有机质丰度为0.92%~1.16%，以菌藻类生源为主，有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型，有机质丰度高；普斯格组下段发育三角洲前缘、滨浅湖砂坝优质砂岩储层，砂体厚度为42.5~63m，砂地比为27%~47%，是一套分布较广的区域性储层，与普斯格组下段砂岩和普斯格组上段泥岩段组成优质储盖组合；柯克亚周缘发育印支期、喜马拉雅期两期构造变形，古生界叠瓦冲断、强烈逆掩叠置，圈闭成排成带，喜马拉雅期进一步挤压抬升改造，局部复杂化，形成的叠瓦冲断带为勘探有利区。根据普斯格组天然气干燥系数分析，折算R_o为1.31%~1.42%，与下盘烃源岩成熟度相当，表明油气来自下盘逆掩叠置烃源岩，经历早油晚气的成藏过程，成藏具有“逆掩叠置下盘供烃、下生上储、断裂输导”的特点。综合分析认为该地区二叠系普斯格组圈闭成排成带分布，已发现圈闭9个，面积为301km²，天然气资源量约为2930×10⁸m³，凝析油资源量约为2×10⁸t，具有较好的勘探前景。

The Yetan1 well in Kedong tectonic belt, west Kunlun thrust belt in the front mountain of southwest area of Tarim Basin, has made a major breakthrough in the Permian Pusige Formation, marking the discovery of an important exploration successor system in southwest area of Tarim Basin. Based on the regional geological data and the field outcrop, drilling and seismic research, the reservoir-forming conditions of the Permian Pusige Formation sandstone around Kekeya are reunderstood. A new round of research holds that the upper member of Permian Pusige Formation has a semi-deep lacustrine facies source rock with an area of 1.0×10⁴km² and a maximum thickness of 800m. The organic matter abundance is 0.89%~1.5%. The source of organic matter is mainly bacteria and algae, and the type of organic matter is mainly type II. Hydrocarbon generation potential <em>S</em>₁+<em>S</em>₂ is 1.47-2.78mg/g. Due to the tectonic uplift of the Kunlun Mountains, the lower member of the Permian Pusige Formation in the periphery of Kekeya subdivision entered the continental sedimentary system, and the delta front and shoal shallow lake sand bar high-quality sandstone reservoirs developed in the lower submember II, withsand body thickness of 42.5-63m and sand-land ratio of 27%-47%, which are a set of widely distributed reservoirs. It is a high quality reservoir-cap association with lower submember I of Pusige Formation and upper mudstone member of Pusige Formation. According to the structural pattern analysis after drilling of Yetan 1 well, it is concluded that the Kekeya subperipheral developed two phases of Indosinian and Alpine tectonic deformation, Palaeozoic imbricated thrust, strong overthrust, trap rows and belts, and the further extrusion and uplift in the Alpine period were partially complicated, and the imbricated thrust belt formed is a favorable exploration area. According to the analysis of natural gas dryness coefficient of the Pusige Formation, the <em>R</em>_o is 1.31%-1.42%, which is similar to the maturity phase of the source rock, indicating that the oil and gas come from the foote overlying source rock and have undergone the accumulation process of early oil and late gas, and the accumulation has the characteristics of "hydrocarbon supply by the overlying foote, new layers produce and ancient layers storage, lower layers produce and upper layers storage, transport by fault ". Through re-comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the Permian Pusige Formation traps in this area are distributed in rows, and 9 traps are found, covering an area of 307.7km², with 286 billion square meters of natural gas resources and 143 million tons of condensate oil. Meanwhile, several favorable exploration targets such as PT1 well, PS1 well and PS2 well are selected and have great exploration prospects. It is expected to become an important replacement field for large-scale natural gas storage and production.

深层和超深层油气是目前研究和勘探的热点领域。由于深层钻井资料少，地质认识还处于探索阶段，但是中国海相克拉通盆地深层丰富的油气资源条件已是众多石油地质学者的共识。奥陶系和寒武系深层已取得一系列发现，前寒武系除四川盆地突破外，其他盆地也都启动研究或钻探。塔里木盆地新近纪以来的快速沉降与堆积，下古生界及前寒武系目前埋深主要在5 000~12 000m，8 000m以浅已取得一大批勘探发现和工业产能建设，8 000m以深是未来重要勘探领域。通过对塔里木盆地超深层油气成藏条件分析，特别是对寒武系、震旦系、南华系烃源岩的分析、超深层碳酸盐岩储层的形成与保持、超深层油气相态、以及成藏组合的分析，对8 000m以深的重要勘探领域进行评价，指出奥陶系、寒武系、震旦系等未来8 000m以深超深层油气勘探的主要领域和勘探方向，为超深层油气勘探提供理论指导。

At present，deep and ultra-deep oil and gas have become the research and exploration hotspots.Despite of a scarcity in deep-hole drilling data and immature understanding about its geologic status，the fact that abundant oil and gas resources develop in deeply-buried strata of Chinese marine craton basins have achieved the consensus of most petroleum geologists.A series of discoveries have been made in the Ordovician and Cambrian strata，and a lot of research or drilling work has been in the Precambrian strata of some other basins along with the breakthroughs in Sichuan basin.In Tarim Basin，the current burial depth of the Lower Paleozoic and the Precambrian mainly ranges from 5 000 to 12 000 meters as a result of the rapid subsidence and accumulation since the Neogene，with a great number of exploration discoveries and commercial productions gained at the depth less than 8 000 meters，and more attention would be paid to the potential and prospecting exploration field much deeper than that.Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the ultra-deep layers of the Tarim Basin，especially those of the Cambrian，Sinian，and Nanhua source rocks，the formation and maintenance of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs，and the ultra-deep oil-gas phase，as well as the reservoir combinations，this paper makes an evaluation of the major exploration areas deeper than 8 000 meters and points out the most favorable areas and future exploration focuses in the Ordovician，Cambrian and Sinian strata in order to provide theoretical guidance for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.

塔里木盆地勘探面积广阔、油气资源量大、探明程度较低，是"十四五"（2021—2025年）规划中国油气增储上产的最重要压舱石之一。塔里木盆地的勘探研究面临着诸多世界级难题，如古老海相烃源灶、超深规模储层、超深层油气赋存、超长油气藏演化等，这些因素严重制约了塔里木盆地的整体效益勘探。基于近两年的露头、钻井、地球物理、分析测试等资料，对塔里木盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型中成藏关键要素的耦合模式和资源潜力开展了系统分析。研究结果表明：塔里木盆地主要发育台盆区寒武系盐下、奥陶系、石炭系、前陆区古生界—新生界4套区域性储-盖组合及含油气系统，其中，库车坳陷白垩系亚格列木组、库车坳陷南斜坡迎烃面古生界潜山、库车坳陷北部构造带（迪北地区）侏罗系致密气断缝体、塔西南地区石炭系—二叠系、台盆区寒武系盐下台缘带及阿瓦提凹陷西缘寒武系、台盆区奥陶系断溶体是油气勘探最重要的新领域新类型。库车前陆区古生界潜山及中生界的近源油气资源量巨大，其中，温宿—佳木地区古潜山的石油资源量超过2×10⁸t、天然气资源量约为600×10⁸m³，白垩系亚格列木组的天然气资源量约为10 500×10⁸m³、石油资源量超过4 300×10⁴t，北部构造带侏罗系阿合组的天然气资源量近2.6×10¹²m³、石油资源量约为1.3×10⁸t。台盆区寒武系盐下台缘带的天然气资源量近1.8×10¹²m³；阿瓦提凹陷西缘的天然气资源量约为4 400×10⁸m³、石油资源量约为1.4×10⁸t；富满—顺北地区奥陶系断溶体的油气资源量近32×10⁸t油当量。新领域、新类型油气勘探突破带来的地质和资源潜力新认识可为后续持续高效的勘探奠定稳定基础。

Tarim Basin is characterized by vast exploration areas, large amount of oil-gas reserves, and relatively low degree of exploration. It plays a crucial role as one of the key drivers for China's domestic oil-gas reserves and production during the "14th Five-Year Plan". However, numerous world-class challenges are encountered in the exploration of Tarim Basin, such as ancient marine source rocks, ultra-deep reservoirs, the occurrence of hydrocarbons in ultra-deep reservoirs, as well as the long-term evolution of oil-gas reservoirs, which significantly limit the overall efficiency of exploration in Tarim Basin. Through an integrated approach that combines the data of outcrops, well drilling, geophysics, and testing over the past two years, this paper systematically analyzes the coupling model of key factors for the new types of hydrocarbon accumulation in new prospecting fields of Tarim Basin, as well as resource potential in the study area. The research indicates that Tarim Basin mainly developed four regional reservoir-cap combinations and hydrocarbon systems, including Cambrian pre-salt, Ordovician, and Carboniferous reservoirs in the platform area of basin, as well as the Paleozoic to Cenozoic reservoirs in the foreland area. The most important new areas and types are shown as below:the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Kuqa depression, the Paleozoic buried hills on the south slope of Kuqa depression, the Jurassic tight gas fault-fracture bodies in the northern tectonic belt (Dibei area) of Kuqa depression, the Carboniferous-Permian strata in the southwest Tarim Basin, the Lower Cambrian platform margin belt in platform area and the Cambrian in the west margin of Awati sag, as well as Ordovician fault-karst bodies in the platform area. The near-source oil-gas resources in the Paleozoic buried hills and the Mesozoic of Kuqa foreland basin have enormous potential. The amount of oil and gas resources can reach 2×10⁸t and 600× 10⁸m³ in the paleo buried hills of Wensu-Jiamu area, respectively. The amount of gas and oil resources in the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation is about 10 500×10⁸m³ and 4 300×10⁴t, respectively. In the northern tectonic belt of Kuqa depression, the natural gas and oil resources of the Jurassic Ahe Formation possess 2.6×10¹²m³ and 1.3×10⁸t, respectively. The Lower Cambrian pre-salt platform margin belt in the platform area contains 1.78×10¹²m³ of natural gas. The gas and oil resources are 4 400×10⁸m³ and 1.4×10⁸t in the west margin of Awati sag, respectively. The Ordovician fault-karst bodies has around 32×10⁸t of oil equivalent in the Fuman-Shunbei area. The insights into geological and resource potential gained from breakthroughs in exploring new fields and types of oil-gas resources can lay a solid foundation for further efficient exploration in the future.

库车坳陷具有丰富的天然气资源，继克拉2大气田发现后，近年来在克拉苏断裂下盘克深区带发现了大北、克深等大型气田。以克深、大北大气田为例，详细论述了克拉苏盐下深层大气田的形成机制与富集规律，认为侏罗系&mdash;三叠系煤系烃源岩5Ma以来生气强度和生气速率达到极大值［高达（160~320）&times;10⁸m³/km2和15~20mg/(g_TOC&middot;Ma)］，为高效气源灶。克拉苏冲断带叠置在供烃中心之上，充足的气源是大北&mdash;克深气田天然气富集的物质基础。区域性巨厚膏盐岩盖层限制构造冲断突破、有效保护储层、高效保存油气，是盐下油气富集的重要保证。克深&mdash;大北分层滑脱收缩变形，盐下冲断叠瓦构造成排成带，广泛分布的低孔砂岩储层，为天然气富集提供了有利空间。克深&mdash;大北地区盐下深层构造的形成与区域构造挤压关系密切，主要是晚喜马拉雅期强烈冲断挤压形成，上新世&mdash;第四纪是克拉苏构造带形成的主要时期，主体构造基本都是在库车组中晚期定型；而生烃史研究也表明烃源岩主要生气期在库车组沉积以来，主生气期与构造定型期的良好匹配决定了克拉苏冲断带盐下晚期高效成藏，是该区深层形成大气田的重要原因。

<p>It is well known that there were rich gas resources in Kuqa Depression.Since the discovery of Kela-2 large gas field,Dabei gas field and Keshen gas field have been discovered in the down block of Kelasu fault in Keshen structural zone.Taking Keshen and Dabei gas fields as an example,formation mechanism and enrichment regularities of Kelasu subsalt deep large gas field were discussed in detail in this paper.It was considered that the Jurassic-Triassic coal-measure source rocks were a high effective gas kitchen,gas generation intensity and rate reached the maximum (corresponding to (160-320)&times;10⁸m³/km² and 15-20mg/g_TOC&middot;Ma,respectively) in recent 5Ma.Kelasu structural zone overlapped the hydrocarbon supplying centers,and sufficient gas source supplied a material basis for gas accumulation of Dabei-Keshen gas field.Regionally distributed thick gypsum rock restricted structure thrust breakthrough,protected reservoirs effectively and preserved oil and gas with high-efficiency,which provided an important assurance.Bedding-delamination contractional deformation,subsalt imbricated thrust structures and widely distributed low porosity sandstone reservoir provided a favorable storage space for oil and gas accumulation in Dabei-Keshen area.The formation of subsalt deep structure is related to compressional deformation as a result of later Himalayan episodic strong thrust compression.Pliocene-Quaternary is the main stage for the formation of Kelasu structural zone and the main structure finalized in Middle-Later Kuqa Formation.Gas generation history research showed the main gas generation stage began in sedimentary period of Kuqa Formation.Later high-efficiency oil and gas accumulation of Kelasu subsalt structural zone was determined by a better match of main gas generation stage and structure forming stage,which is an important reason for the formation of deep large gas field in Kelasu play zone.</p>

The PetroChina has continuously made a number of major oil and gas discoveries and implemented a number of large-scale reserves in the field of deep-ultradeep clastic rocks,demonstrating the huge exploration potential in this field.Based on the exploration progress and geological cognition obtained,combined with the characteristics of onshore oil and gas basins in China,the deep-ultradeep clastic rock domain could be divided into three types:foreland basin,graben basin and depression basin,and the scale distribution of deep effective source rocks and the characteristics of riching in oil especially gas are revealed.The new recognitions that four formation mechanisms control the development of deep high-quality clastic reservoirs and deep reservoir-forming factors are well configured are also proposed from the research.Combining the basic geological understanding of deep clastic rocks,source rock and resource potential,effective reservoir distribution and reservoir-controlling factors of deep clastic rocks,four major directions for future research are proposed:(1)Strengthen research on deep geological structure,sedimentary filling and tectonic evolution,determine favorable reservoir combination and their plane distribution.(2)Strengthen the evaluation of main hydrocarbon source rock distribution,and objectively estimate the deep resource potential,then determine the favorable resource enrichment area.(3)Strengthen researches on the formation,preservation mechanism and distribution law of different types of reservoirs,and implement the vertical layer distribution and plane distribution of large-scale effective reservoirs.(4)Strengthen analysis of the control factors,preservation mechanism,and trap evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs,implement favorable zones from priority areas,and determine drilling targets.Based on the distribution characteristics of the remaining resources and exploration understanding,ten zones in the deep-ultradeep clastic rock field of the three types of basins are selected as the next key exploration targets.The estimated resource potential is nearly 3 billion tons of oil and over 7 trillion cubic meters of natural gas.

二叠系是叶城_和田凹陷最为重要的烃源岩层系之一。通过和田凹陷杜瓦地区野外露头剖面及最新钻井分析，并结合有机地球化学测试数据，对二叠系普司格组烃源岩沉积特征、古环境及有机地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明：普司格组烃源岩发育在滨湖、浅湖及半深湖亚相中，乌鲁吾斯塘地区和杜瓦地区为烃源岩沉降中心，以低Pr/Ph值、较高伽马蜡烷指数等为特征，表现出较强还原性、较高盐度下具有一定水体分层的湖相沉积产物。普司格组烃源岩有机碳(TOC)值为0.12%~5.68%，为&ldquo;差&mdash;中等&rdquo;烃源岩，有机质类型以Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型为主，镜质体反射率R_O值为0.72%~1.385%，主体已进入成熟&mdash;高成熟阶段。结合地震资料、生储盖条件分析认为，杜瓦地区普司格组烃源岩生烃潜力较好，逆冲推覆体为油气勘探的可能有利区域，准原地质体为塔西南坳陷山前带最为有利的油气勘探区域，原地质体埋深很大，是目前勘探工作面临的主要挑战之一。&nbsp;

<div style="line-height: 150%;">Based on the outcrop section and new well drilling data and organic geochemical analysis results in the Duwa region,a detailed comparative study about hydrocarbon source rocks was conducted.The results suggested that the hydrocarbon source rocks developed in the sub facies of lakeside,shallow lake and semi-deep lake sub.And it had lower Pr/Ph ratio,higher gammacerane ratio,which reflected the source rocks were the products of lake facies and had a stronger reducibility,higher salty sedimentary environment and a certain water column.The Wuluwusitang and Duwa region were the subsidence center of the source rocks.The OM (organic matter) was between 0.12% and 5.68%,which was in the &ldquo;poor to medium&rdquo; level.The type of OM was mainly typeⅡ and Ⅲ.The vitrinite reflectance was between 0.72% and 1.385%,which suggested most of hydrocarbon source rocks had entered the mature to high-mature stage.A comprehensive analysis which included the seismic data and the condition of the source rocks,reservoir and cap was conducted.The source rocks of the Pusige Formation still have a certain potential for generating hydrocarbon.And the nappe system is the potential good exploration area which generates oil and gas,and the quasi in situ is the most favorable oil and gas exploration area in the front of Duwa region mount,and because of the deeper burial depth,the in situ system is one of the most difficult challenges for the exploration work.</div><div style="line-height: 150%;">Hetian Sag;Pusige Formation;Hydrocarbon source rocks;Sedimentary environment;Geochemical characteristics</div>

塔里木盆地前寒武系经历了南华纪断陷构造沉降和震旦纪坳陷热沉降2个阶段，发育众多不同走向、不同规模的古裂谷。根据古裂谷的走向、规模、性质及其对上覆沉积的控制作用可将其分为台间古裂谷和台内古裂谷2种类型。众多古裂谷形成的垒-堑相间的古构造对寒武纪岩相古地理具有明显的控制作用，即古裂谷控制了寒武系的生烃中心、优质储层和优质盖层的发育。在古裂谷之上继承性发育的古地貌低洼区是寒武系玉尔吐斯组优质烃源灶的发育区。在裂谷肩部形成的古地貌高隆区则往往沉积丘滩建造，为优质储层发育区。满加尔台间古裂谷的两侧肩部由于长期处于稳定发育的古地貌高部位，可形成沿该古地貌高呈SN向展布的镶边台地边缘丘滩建造，由此导致塔西地区、罗西地区在寒武纪吾松格尔组&mdash;阿瓦塔格组沉积期形成封闭的台地环境，并在轮台&mdash;古城一线以西沉积大面积的膏盐岩优质盖层。在台内古裂谷之上，玉尔吐斯组烃源岩相对较厚，成为有利生烃中心；在古裂谷间的相对古地貌高部位，肖尔布拉克组白云岩滩相储层更加发育。二者与上覆的中寒武统膏盐岩盖层构成优越的生-储-盖组合，是寒武系盐下油气最有利的成藏区，也是形成大气藏和实现勘探突破最有利的地区。

Tarim Basin has experienced two stages of the tectonic subsidence in the Precambrian, i.e., the Nanhua fault depression and the thermal subsidence of the Sinian depression, and also developed many paleo-rifts with different strikes and scales. According to the strike, scale, property and control of overlying sediments, the paleo-rift can be divided into two types:inter-platform rift and intra-platform rift. The horst-graben paleo-structure formed by many paleo-rifts has obvious control on the Cambrian lithofacies and palaeogeography, i.e., the paleo-rifts control the development of the Cambrian hydrocarbon generation centers, high-quality reservoirs and caps. The high-quality hydrocarbon kitchen of Cambrian Yuertusi Formation is developed in the low-lying parts of paleo-landforms inherited and developed above the paleo-rifts. Reefs and shoals are often deposited in the paleo-uplift areas at the shoulders of the rift, where high-quality reservoirs are developed. Since the shoulders on both sides of the inter-platform rift in Manjiaer are located in the high part of the paleo-landform developed steadily for a long time, they can form the rimmed marginal reefs and shoals distributed in a south-north direction along the high part of the paleo-landform, resulting in a closed platform environment formed during the deposition period of the Cambrian Wusonggeer-Awatage formations in Taxi and Luoxi areas and a large area of high-quality gypsum caprock deposited in the west of Luntai-Gucheng. Above the intra-platform, the source rocks of Yuertusi Formation are relatively thick and become a favorable hydrocarbon generation center. In addition, the dolomite shoal facies reservoirs of Xiaoerbulake Formation are more developed in the relatively high parts between the paleo-rifts. The superior combination of the two and the upper Middle Cambrian gypsum salt caprock is the most favorable area for Cambrian presalt hydrocarbon accumulation, and also the most favorable area for forming giant gas reservoir and achieving exploration breakthrough.

基于地震资料的精细构造解释，采用印模法，对塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠纪同沉积断层进行了研究，恢复了三叠系沉积前古地貌，并阐明其对沉积的控制作用。研究结果表明：①库车坳陷三叠纪发育库北断裂、巴什—依奇克里克断裂、克拉—阳北断裂以及克深断裂共4排同沉积逆断层，结构上呈叠瓦状，前锋带到达克拉苏构造带以南。②研究区三叠纪古地貌形态近东西向展布，北部与南部分别为南天山造山带和前陆盆地的前缘隆起，中部为库车坳陷的构造低部位，受制于局部低凸起，发育乌什凹陷、拜城凹陷和阳霞凹陷3个凹陷；原型盆地北边界位于现今盆地边界以北24～51 km，原型盆地面积较现今大11 913 km²。③研究区三叠系的沉积与演化受控于古构造格局，总体表现为由南向北逐渐增厚的楔状体，自西向东也有增厚的趋势，且南北向的地层分布具不对称性；由于南天山的造山作用减弱，三叠系具有完整的前陆盆地的“挤压—松弛”的变化规律，俄霍布拉克组发育扇三角洲，克拉玛依组和黄山街组下部为半深湖－深湖沉积，黄山街组上部及塔里奇克组为半深湖－深湖向曲流河的泛滥平原转化，纵向上构成了一个完整的陆相湖盆演化的沉积旋回；同沉积逆断层上升盘都具备次级物源功能，与下盘形成良好的储-盖组合，是有利的潜在勘探领域。

Based on the fine structural interpretation of seismic data，Triassic synsedimentary faults in Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin were studied by using the impression method，and the pre-sedimentary paleomorphology of Triassic was restored，and their controlling effects on sedimentation were clarified. The results show that： （1）Triassic of Kuqa Depression develops four rows of synsedimentary reverse faults，including Kubei fault， Bashi-Yiqicreek fault，Kela-Yangbei fault and Keshen fault，which are structurally stacked，and the front zone reaches the south of Kelasu tectonic belt. （2） Triassic paleogeomorphology is distributed in an east-west direction，with the South Tianshan orogenic belt in the north and the foreland basin uplift in the south. The central part is the structural low part of Kuqa Depression，which is constrained by the local low bulge，and develops Wushi Sag，Baicheng Sag and Yangxia Sag. The northern boundary of the prototype basin is located 24-51 km north of the current basin boundary，and the area of the prototype basin is 11 913 km² larger than that of the present basin.（3）The sedimentation and evolution of Triassic in the study area are controlled by the paleotectonic pattern，which is generally manifested as a wedge-shape that gradually thickening from south to north，with a tendency of thickening from west to east，and the distribution of strata in the north-south direction is asymmetrical. Due to the weakening orogeny of South Tianshan，Triassic has a complete foreland basin extrusion-relaxation pattern.Okhobrak Formation develops fan delta，the lower part of Karamay Formation and Huangshanjie Formation are semi-deep lake and deep lake sediments.The upper part of Huangshanjie Formation and Tarichik Formation are the transformation of the flood plain from the semi-deep lake and deep lake to the meandering river，which vertically constitutes a complete sedimentary cycle of continental lake basin evolution. The ascending walls of the syngenetic reverse faults all have the function of secondary provenance，and form a good spatial combination of reservoirs and caps in the lower wall，which is a favorable potential exploration field.

基于塔里木盆地FD1井及周围主干走滑断裂钻探成果，从沉积-层序、台内滩储集层和油气成因等方面分析，以揭示超深主干走滑断裂带间中—上奥陶统台内滩储集性能及成藏条件。取得以下地质研究成果和认识：主干走滑断裂带间鹰山组台内滩叠加低序次断裂带构成一种新的成藏组合类型，下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩生成的油气首先由主干走滑断裂带垂向输导运移至鹰山组2段，然后发生侧向运聚成藏；FD1井少量原油是玉尔吐斯组成熟阶段生成的，而大量的天然气主要为超深油藏原油裂解气，从而形成高气油比的干气（干燥系数为0.970）和混合型次生凝析气藏。这种“台内滩+低序次断裂带”成藏组合新类型预示富满地区有望形成含油气连片局面并将进一步横向拓展富满油田超深领域的油气勘探空间。

在梳理国外常规与非常规油气资源评价方法研究现状的基础上,归纳出国外重要的常规油气资源评价方法及最新的非常规油气资源评价方法,指出多方法、多学科和多领域的知识综合是评价方法的发展方向,油气资源空间分布定量预测与计算机可视化技术相结合是评价技术的发展方向。通过总结中国历次全国性的油气资源评价特点,分析中国油气资源评价方法体系存在的不足,优选出适合中国勘探现状的评价方法,建立了常规与非常规油气资源评价方法体系,研发了常规与非常规油气资源评价系统。介绍了评价系统的结构、主要功能模块和5大特色技术,即以小面元法为核心的非常规油气资源评价技术、三维三相达西流模拟技术、基于刻度区解剖的类比评价技术、经济评价与环境评价技术和基于WEB-GIS的数据库管理技术。展望了评价系统的推广应用前景。

Based on analyses on research status of foreign conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resource assessment methods, the key conventional hydrocarbon resource assessment methods and brand-new unconventional hydrocarbon resource assessment methods were summarized in this study. It is pointed out that knowledge fusion of multiple methods, multiple disciplines and multiple domains is the development direction of hydrocarbon assessment method, and integration of computer visualization technology with quantitative prediction for spatial distribution of hydrocarbon resources is the developing orientation of assessment technologies. The deficiencies of China's hydrocarbon resource assessment systems are analyzed based on the characteristics of all previous hydrocarbon resource assessments in China, so as to select the optimal assessment methods for current hydrocarbon exploration. On this basis, the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resource evaluation methodology and assessment system are developed. In this study, the structure and main function modules of assessment system are introduced, as well as five major technologies, i.e., the conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resource assessment technology with small patch method as a core, 3D three-phase Darcy flow simulation technology, analogy assessment technology based on dissection of calibrated units, economic and environment evaluation technology, and database management technology based on WEB-GIS technology. Moreover, the popularization and application prospect of such assessment system is expected.