通过对桐湾运动性质、期次的分析，利用地震、钻井、露头等资料，采用“残余厚度法”与“印模法”刻画四川盆地筇竹寺组沉积前的侵蚀谷地貌形态，分析其油气成藏条件。四川盆地及邻区在晚震旦世—早寒武世发生了桐湾运动，共可分为3幕，均表现为区域性抬升与剥蚀，形成了3个假整合面。受其影响，在四川盆地中南部形成了近南北向展布的规模较大的德阳—泸州侵蚀谷，充填厚度较大的麦地坪组和筇竹寺组，成为寒武系烃源岩重要的生烃中心，与灯影组灯四段、灯二段两套风化壳岩溶储集层构成良好的成藏组合条件，有利于形成大气田，勘探潜力大。侵蚀谷成因机制与演化历史分析表明，震旦纪末期桐湾运动Ⅱ幕的逆冲-褶皱隆升、剥蚀作用以及早寒武世早期快速海侵背景下的拉张作用是形成侵蚀谷的关键。图10参15

Through analyzing the nature and periods of Tongwan tectonization, by using seismic data, drilling data and outcrop data, the pre-Qiongzhusi Formation eroded paleo-geomorphology was described with remaining thickness and moldic methods, and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions were analyzed. The Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas experienced Tongwan tectonization from late Sinian to early Cambrian which include three episodes that all manifested as regional uplift and erosion, forming three disconformities. Affected by that movement, a large scale Deyang-Luzhou eroded valley in N-S direction was formed in Central-Southern Sichuan Basin. In the valley, thick Maidiping Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation are important Cambrian source kitchens; they form good source-reservoir combinations with two sets of weathering karst reservoirs in Deng 2 and Deng 4 Member in Sinian Dengying Formation, favorable for the formation of large gas field with huge resource potential. The analysis of forming mechanism and evolution history of the eroded valley shows the thrusting-fold uplifting and erosion in the second episode of Tongwan tectonization in late Sinian period, and the extensional movement in the background of rapid marine transgression in early Cambrian are key to the formation of the eroded valley.

利用钻井和地震资料,在上扬子克拉通德阳-安岳地区发现晚震旦世-早寒武世克拉通内裂陷,受张性断裂控制,呈NNW向展布,南北长320 km、东西宽50~300 km。裂陷演化经历了形成期、发展期、消亡期3个阶段,形成有利的近源成藏组合。研究结果表明:1晚震旦世灯影组沉积期为裂陷形成期,裂陷内发育槽盆相沉积,两侧发育台地边缘相丘滩体,控制了灯影组优质储层的形成与分布;2早寒武世梅树村组沉积期-筇竹寺组沉积期为裂陷发展期,充填500~1000 m的深水陆棚相泥质岩,是优质烃源岩沉积期;3沧浪铺组沉积期为裂陷消亡期,经填平补齐,结束了克拉通内裂陷的演化历史。克拉通内裂陷是安岳特大型气田形成的关键因素,裂陷内优质烃源岩为特大型气田提供了充足的气源,在晚燕山期-喜马拉雅期川中古隆起西部快速隆升过程中形成区域性侧向封堵,有利于裂陷东翼的高石梯-磨溪地区特大型气田的保存。克拉通内裂陷及其大气田成藏作用对古老克拉通盆地深层油气勘探有重要的参考价值。

According to the drilling and seismic data,the Late Sinian-Early Cambrian intra-cratonic rift was found in Deyang-Anyue area of the Upper Yangtze craton.This rift is controlled by tensional fault and distributed in NNW trending with the NS length of 320 km and EW width of 50-300 km.After three stages of rift evolution,i.e.,the forming stage,developing stage and dying stage,a favorable near-source accumulation assemblage was formed.The research results indicate that:(1) the sedimentary stage of Late Sinian Dengying Formation is the rift forming stage,during which trough-basin facies sedimentation is developed in the rift,while platform marginal facies mounds and shoals are developed on both side,controlling the formation and distribution of high-quality reservoirs in Dengying Formation;(2) the sedimentation stage of Early Cambrian Meishucun-Qiongzhusi Formation is the rift development stage,during which deep-water continental shelf facies argillaceous rocks are filled in the rift with a thickness of 500-1000 m,indicating the sedimentation stage of high-quality source rocks;(3) the sedimentation stage of Canglangpu Formation is the rift dying stage,terminating the evolution history of intra-cratonic rift by gap filling.The intra-cratonic rift is a key factor for the formation of Anyue giant gas field,where the high-quality source rocks provide abundant gases for the giant gas field.A regional lateral sealing occurred during the rapid rising of the western paleo-uplift in Central Sichuan during the Late Yanshan-Himalayan period,favorable to the preservation of the Gaoshiti-Moxi giant gas field on the east wing of the rift.The intra-cratonic rift and its role in giant gas accumulation provides a significant reference for deep oil and gas exploration in paleo-craton basins.

当沉积盆地累计产量超过50×10⁸ bbl油当量（6.82×10⁸ t油或7 931.66×10⁸ m³气）和剩余可采资源量超过50×10⁸ bbl油当量即称之为超级盆地。四川盆地至2019年底油气总产量为6 569×10⁸ m³,气油比为80︰1,总剩余可采资源量达136 404×10⁸ m³,属二级超级盆地;由于产出以气为主,故为超级气盆地。四川盆地之所以成为超级气盆地,因其具有4个优势：①气源岩优势,有9组主要气源岩,为全国各盆地之首;②资源量优势,总剩余天然气可采资源量为136 404×10⁸ m³,全国各盆地中为第1;③大气田优势,有大气田27个,在全国各盆地位列首位;④总产量优势,至2019年底天然气累计总产量6 487.8×10⁸ m³,是全国各盆地之冠。四川盆地在天然气勘探上有4个方向性的重大突破：①页岩气方向性的重大突破,在中国首先发现开发奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气;②致密砂岩气方向性的重大突破,中坝气田三叠系须家河组二段气藏是全国首个高采出度致密砂岩气藏;③碳酸盐岩超大气田方向性重大突破;④超深层气藏方向性重大突破。这些方向性重大突破引领和推动相关领域全国盆地取得重要进展。此外,按累计油气产量和剩余可采资源量、盆地大地构造属性和累计产量中油和气占比3类标准,对超级盆地进行了分类。图6表1参34

基于野外、钻井和地震资料分析,恢复四川盆地德阳—安岳侵蚀裂陷槽形成演化过程,并对勘探领域进行划分和评价。结果表明：①德阳—安岳侵蚀裂陷槽及周缘震旦系灯影组沉积特征具有明显差异。侵蚀裂陷槽北段灯影组发育深水沉积,盆地北部灯影组发育盆地—斜坡—台地边缘—局限台地沉积模式,中—南段灯影组为碳酸盐台地沉积环境。②德阳—安岳侵蚀裂陷槽是伸展裂陷和岩溶侵蚀作用叠加改造而成,侵蚀裂陷槽北段以拉张裂陷作用为主,中段和南段为桐湾多幕次侵蚀作用改造而成。基于侵蚀裂陷槽分段性成因,将其及周缘灯影组划分为盆地北部台缘岩性丘滩体、中部台内岩溶丘滩体和中—南部槽内岩溶残丘3大勘探领域,其中盆地中—南部槽内岩溶残丘是盆地天然气勘探战略突破新领域,北部台缘岩性丘滩体是盆地天然气万亿立方米资源增储新阵地。

德阳-安岳裂陷槽东侧台缘发育大型丘滩带，为有利储层发育区，在研究区三维地震资料中发现大量台内前积反射结构，前积方向大致沿台缘带展布方向，与常规的碳酸盐岩台地前积方向存在差异，鲜见前人的研究文献。为此，利用磨溪地区三维地震资料，结合钻井资料标定，对比、追踪三维区内的多期前积地震反射结构，通过定量分析建立灯四段沉积期充填序列，分析该期德阳-安岳裂陷槽活动对沉积的控制作用。获得以下认识：①灯四段内部发育多期前积体，主要受高位期相对海平面缓慢下降控制，以横向前积为主，沿台缘坡折不断迁移。②前积坡折及其向陆一侧发育藻凝块石白云岩及藻砂屑白云岩有利储集岩相，为形成优质储层提供了物质基础。③利用台内区地震反射结构识别了各期前积坡折，可寻找储集岩发育相带，叠合岩溶古地貌，有望发现新的天然气富集区。上述基于地震反射结构的储层预测方法对于中国其他深层碳酸盐岩盆地勘探具有借鉴意义。

A large mound shoal zone is developed on the east platform margin of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough, which is a favorable area for reservoir development. Plenty of intra-platform progradational reflection structures are found in the three-dimensional (3D) seismic data of the study area. The progradation is roughly distributed along the platform margin, which is different from the conventional progradation direction of carbonate platforms. These progradational reflection structures are less reported previously. Therefore, this study uses the 3D seismic data of the Moxi area and the calibration of drilling data to compare and trace the multi-stage progradational seismic reflection structures in the 3D area. Quantitative analysis helps to establish the filling sequence of the fourth member of the Dengying Formation in the deposition period, and the controlling effect of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough activity on deposition in this period is analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn:① The multi-stage progradation, mainly transverse progradation, occurs in the fourth member of the Dengying Formation, which is mainly controlled by the slow decline of the relative sea level in the highstand stage and continuously migrates along the platform-margin slope break. ② The progradational slope break and the development of algal-bound thrombolitic dolomite and algal-bound arenaceous dolomite on the continental side are favorable reservoir facies, which provide the material basis for high-quality reservoirs. ③ On the basis of intra-platform seismic reflection structures, the progradational slope break of each stage is identified, and the facies zones of reservoir rock development can be found. The superposition of the karst paleogeomorphology with these zones has the potential to reveal new gas enrichment areas. The proposed reservoir prediction method based on seismic reflection structures is of great reference significance for the exploration of other deep carbonate basins in China.

四川盆地北部震旦系—下寒武统是继安岳气田发现和绵阳—长宁裂陷提出之后备受关注的另一重点勘探领域，但对其沉积构造格局的认识存在严重分歧。文中基于露头剖面、地震、钻井和地球化学分析资料并结合前人研究成果，提出四川盆地北缘震旦纪—早寒武世期间存在隆坳并存的格局。四川盆地北缘震旦系—下寒武统厚度、岩相、地震反射和地球化学等指标的详细分析表明：(1)沉积构造格局表现为隆坳相间的特点，即自西向东依次为绵阳—长宁裂陷→汉南—米仓山隆起→万源—通江裂坳陷→达州—开江隆起→城口—开县裂坳陷→东安—巫溪隆起→巴东—恩施裂陷→神农架—黄陵隆起；(2)发育台地、斜坡和盆地三种沉积环境，其中斜坡环境以发育大量风暴、重力流、滑塌角砾沉积及同沉积滑移变形等为主要识别标志；(3)经历了三个“隆坳”旋回，即陡二段末期—灯二段早期、灯二段晚期—灯四段早期、灯四段晚期—筇竹寺组晚期。四川盆地北缘震旦纪—早寒武世隆坳格局的形成受控于震旦纪基底构造薄弱带、南秦岭地幔上隆底侵和原特提斯洋壳板片拖拽三者的联合作用，与罗迪尼亚大陆裂解和冈瓦纳大陆聚合的全球构造背景密切相关。四川盆地北缘震旦纪—早寒武世隆坳并存格局的提出不仅有助于进一步认识该时期扬子克拉通区域沉积构造格局和演化，也为川东北地区下一步油气勘探决策提供了参考依据。川东北地区震旦纪—早寒武世隆坳格局控制了烃源岩和储集层的发育及源储配置关系，建议首先将裂坳陷边缘带作为下一步勘探的重点。

The SinianLower Cambrian suite in northern Sichuan Basin is considered one of the key exploration fields following the discovery of the Anyue giant gas field and Mianyang-Changning introcratonic rift. However, different views have emerged regarding its depositional-tectonic pattern. Based on previous studies and recent outcrop, seismic, drilling and geochemical data, we propose in this paper that introcratonic rift-sags could coexist with uplifts during the SinianEarly Cambrian on the northern margin of the Sichuan Basin. Detailed analyses on the thickness, lithofacies, seismic reflection and geochemical indices of the SinianLower Cambrian on the northern margin of the Sichuan Basin indicate (1) the depositional-tectonic pattern is characterized by alternating rift-sags and uplifts which include, from west to east, the Mianyang-Changning rift, Hannan-Micangshan uplift, Wanyuan-Tongjiang rift-sag, Dazhou-Kaijiang uplift, Chengkou-Kaixian rift-sag, Dong'an-Wuxi uplift, Badong-Enshi rift, and Shennongjia-Huangling uplift; (2) three kinds of sedimentary environments&mdash;platform, slope and basin developed at the basin margin, where slope is dominated by a large number of tempestites, gravity flow deposits, slump breccias, syndepositional slip deformation, and so on; (3) the basin experienced three &ldquo;uplift-depression&rdquo; cycles, i.e. from the end of the second member of the Doushantuo Formation to the early stage of the second member of the Dengying Formation, from the late stage of the second member of the Dengying Formation to the early stage of the fourth member of the Dengying Formation, and from the late stage of the fourth member of the Dengying Formation to the late stage of the Qiongzhusi Formation. The formation of the uplift-depression framework is controlled in combination by the pre-Sinian basement weak zones, the mantle upwelling in southern Qinling and the slab pull of proto-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, and all were closely related to the global tectonic setting during the breakup of Rodinia and assembly of Gondwanaland. Our proposed uplift-depression framework not only helps to fully understand the depositional-tectonic pattern and its evolution of the Yangtze Craton during this period, but also provides a reference for future oil-gas exploration in this region. The SinianEarly Cambrian uplift-depression pattern in northeastern Sichuan Basin controls the development of source rocks, reservoirs and source-reservoir configuration. It is therefore suggested that the rift-sag marginal zones should be the preferred targets in future exploration.<br>

四川盆地安岳特大型气田的发现坚定了勘探家在元古界—寒武系找油找气信心。以中新元古代大地构造格局重建与重大地质事件分析为基础,从烃源岩、储集层条件及成藏组合类型和有效性入手,剖析了元古界—寒武系油气地质条件,指出中新元古代—早古生代间冰期低等生物繁盛,有机质富集并形成优质烃源岩;震旦系—寒武系微生物岩和颗粒滩体叠加多期建设性成岩改造作用可形成规模储集层,但早中元古代因缺氧事件,风化作用弱,储集层质量总体偏差,唯后期遭受风化淋滤者才有溶蚀改造型储集层发育机会。中国华北、扬子、塔里木克拉通中新元古代均发育大型裂陷槽（群）,烃源灶肯定存在,是否存在良好的源-储成藏组合,则视情况而定。上扬子地区肯定存在震旦系—寒武系有效成藏组合,华北地区成藏组合是否有效取决于两大条件：①元古界烃源灶与古、中新生界储集层构成的次生组合的有效性;②中新元古界经近纪以来改造形成的储集层与自身源灶晚期生烃能否构成匹配。塔里木盆地需要落实元古界时代归属、原盆地保持之后,再看是否存在有效成藏组合。总之,中国三大克拉通元古界—寒武系是一套潜在勘探新层系,值得研究和探索。图12表1参33

The discovery of the giant Anyue gas field in Sichuan Basin gives petroleum explorers confidence to find oil and gas in Proterozoic to Cambrian. Based on the reconstruction of tectonic setting and the analysis of major geological events in Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic, the petroleum geological conditions of Proterozoic to Cambrian is discussed in this paper from three aspects, i.e. source rocks, reservoir conditions, and the type and efficiency of play. It is found that lower organisms boomed in the interglacial epoch from Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic to Eopaleozoic when the organic matters concentrated and high quality source rocks formed. Sinian-Cambrian microbial rock and grain-stone banks overlapped with multiple-period constructive digenesis may form large-scale reservoir rocks. However, because of the anoxic event and weak weathering effect in Eopaleozoic-Mesoproterozoic, the reservoirs are generally poor in quality, and only the reservoirs that suffered weathering and leaching may have the opportunity to form dissolution-reconstructed reservoirs. There are large rifts formed during Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic in Huabei Craton, Yangtze Craton, and Tarim Craton in China, and definitely source rocks in the rifts, while whether there are favorite source-reservoir plays depends on circumstance. The existence of Sinian-Cambrian effective play has been proved in Upper Yangtze area. The effectiveness of source-reservoir plays in Huabei area depends on two factors: (1) the effectiveness of secondary play formed by Proterozoic source rock and Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic reservoir rocks; (2) the matching between reservoirs formed by reconstruction from Mesoproterozoic- Neoproterozoic to Eopaleozoic and the inner hydrocarbon kitchens with late hydrocarbon generation. As for Tarim Basin, the time of Proterozoic and the original basin should be analyzed before the evaluation of the effective play. To sum up, Proterozoic to Cambrian in the three craton basins in China is a potential exploration formation, which deserves further investigation and research.

四川盆地安岳特大型气田的发现，证明了中国前寒武系油气前景广阔，四川盆地元古界也因此成为超深层油气勘探的重点领域。非地震勘探是超深层油气勘探中深部结构研究的重要手段。然而，四川盆地前寒武系重磁电物性资料不足，制约了物性建模，严重影响了重磁电勘探技术在该盆地的有效应用。为此，以四川盆地周缘前寒武系露头标本为基础，通过对沉积岩、变质岩及火成岩标本的密度、磁化率和复电阻率进行分析并研究不同地层、不同岩性标本的重磁电物性特征，建立了四川盆地前寒武系古老地层的重磁电物性模型，为该盆地前寒武系非地震油气勘探提供了物性资料基础。

The discovery of the large Anyue gas field in the Sichuan Basin has proved that oil and gas resources in the Pre-Cambrian strata are rich and promising in China.Then the Proterozoic system in the Sichuan Basin is becoming a key field for deep oil and gas exploration.Non-seismic exploration is an important means for investigating ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs.However,gravity,magnetic and electromagnetic data of the Pre-Cambrian in the Sichuan Basin are insufficient,so it is difficult to model the basin upon the gravity,magnetic and geoelectrical structures, limiting the application of gravity,magnetic and electromagnetic exploration.Based on the Pre-Cambrian outcrops in the Sichuan basin,the density,susceptibility,complex resistivity and polarization were analyzed on the samples of the sedimentary rocks,metamorphic rocks and igneous rock,models of gravity,magnetic,and geoelectrical properties of the ancient Pre-Cambrian strata were built.The important parameters of the Pre-Cambrian hydrocarbon source rock based on gravity,magnetic and electric data provide the physical basis for the processing and interpretation of non-seismic data for oil and gas exploration in Sichuan Basin.

利用野外露头、钻井资料结合震旦系—寒武系展布与岩相组合特征，提出鄂西—渝东地区发育“城口—巴东—五峰”克拉通内裂陷：①裂陷呈“沙漏”状近南北向展布，东西宽为60~280 km，南北长约为400 km；②裂陷形成于震旦纪陡山沱期，灯影期裂陷继承性发育，早寒武世早期为裂陷发育的鼎盛期，衰退于早寒武世中晚期，消亡于中寒武世；③受裂陷演化控制，裂陷内发育陡山陀组、筇竹寺组厚层优质烃源岩，其两侧发育灯影组、龙王庙组优质丘滩相及颗粒滩相白云岩储层，其中灯影组储层厚55~100 m，龙王庙组储层厚22~57 m。指出巫溪—奉节地区位于灯影组、龙王庙组丘滩相储集体叠合发育区，毗邻生烃中心，易形成旁生侧储、下生上储的有效成藏组合，应作为川东地区下步勘探的靶区。

Based on the field outcrop and drilling data, combined with the stratigraphic distribution and lithofacies associations of Sinian-Cambrian, it is proposed that “Chengkou-Badong-Wufeng” intracratonic rift develops in western Hubei-eastern Chongqing. The rift shows an “hourglass” shape, spreading from south to north with a width of 60-280 km from east to west and a length of about 400 km from north to south. The rift was formed in Doushantuo Period of Sinian, and developed in succession in Dengying Period. In the early stage of Early Cambrian, it was the peak period of rifting development, and it declined in the middle and late stage of Early Cambrian, and died out in the Middle Cambrian. Under the control of the evolution of the rift, there are thick and high quality source rocks in the Doushantuo Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation. The Dengying Formation and Longwangmiao Formation have high quality mound-shoal facies and grain shoal facies dolomite reservoirs on both sides of the rift, among which the Dengying Formation has a reservoir thickness of 55-100 m and the Longwangmiao Formation has a reservoir thickness of 22-57 m. It is pointed out that Wuxi-Fengjie area is located in the superimposed development area of mounds and shoals reservoir of Dengying and Longwangmiao formations, adjacent to hydrocarbon generation center, which is easy to form two effective accumulation combination, one is the side product and side reservoir migrates toward the sides, the other is lower product and upper reservoir migrates vertically. And it should be the target area for further exploration in East Sichuan.