四川盆地普光地区二叠系大隆组超深层页岩气实现勘探突破。然而，受沉积环境多变、岩相类型多样、埋藏深度大等因素影响，不同岩相的孔隙结构特征不明确，严重制约后续页岩气开发。通过地球化学、岩石学分析和孔隙结构表征等手段，系统分析了普光地区大隆组不同岩相的储集空间特征及控制因素。结果表明：①大隆组主要发育富有机质纹层状硅质页岩、高有机质层状混合质页岩、高有机质层状灰质页岩和低有机质页岩。②大隆组共发育8种储集空间类型：有机质内部孔、有机质-基质孔、刚性颗粒粒间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物粒内孔、构造缝、有机质收缩缝。富有机质纹层状硅质页岩相较于其他岩相发育更大尺度和更多数量的有机质孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝，具有更高的孔隙度、孔体积和中大孔+微裂缝体积占比；低有机质页岩的有机质孔和微裂缝欠发育，无机孔多为孤立分布。③在高成熟热演化阶段，大部分有机质发生降解而被消耗，生成大规模的油气和有机质孔，同时含量高的刚性硅质矿物不仅自身可提供相对简单、开阔的大尺度的粒间孔，也受有机酸溶蚀作用而释放更多的储集空间。因此，随TOC、硅质含量增加，相应的页岩孔隙度、孔体积和中大孔+微裂缝体积占比呈增大趋势。

Exploratory breakthroughs have been achieved in ultra-deep shale gas from the Permian Dalong Formation in Puguang area of Sichuan Basin. However, due to variable sedimentary environments, diverse lithofacies types, and great burial depths, the pore structure characteristics of different lithofacies remain unclear, which severely constrains subsequent shale gas development. Through experiments on geochemistry, petrology, and pore structure characterization, the reservoir space characteristics and controlling factors of different lithofacies of the Dalong Formation in Puguang area are systematically analyzed. The results indicate: (1) The Dalong Formation mainly develops organic-rich laminated siliceous shale, organic-bearing layered mixed shale, organic-bearing layered calcareous shale, and organic-lean shale. (2) Eight types of reservoir spaces are identified: pores within organic matter, organic matter-matrix pores, intergranular pores between rigid particles, pyrite intercrystalline pores, dissolution pores, intraparticle clay pores, tectonic fractures, and organic matter shrinkage fractures. Compared with other lithofacies, the organic-rich laminated siliceous shale develops larger-scale and more numerous organic pores, dissolution pores, and microfractures, exhibiting higher porosity, pore volume, and proportion of medium-large pores and microfractures. In contrast, organic-lean shale has poorly developed organic pores and microfractures, and inorganic pores are mostly isolated. (3) During the high-maturity thermal evolution stage, most organic matter degrades and is consumed, generating large volumes of oil and gas along with organic pores. Meanwhile, high contents of rigid siliceous minerals (such as feldspar and quartz) can not only provide relatively simple and open large-scale intergranular pores but also release more reservoir space through organic acid dissolution. Therefore, as TOC and siliceous content increase, the corresponding porosity, pore volume, and proportion of medium-large pores and microfractures show an increasing trend.