海洋地震资料中的噪声主要是多次波,消除多次波一直是资料处理的核心环节,已有的方法很多,但目前主要采用单一的方法,没有一种能达到较好的效果.人们已经注意到用若干种方法加以组合来达到消除多次波的目的,但还未有较理想的组合方法.在分析了海洋多次波的类型和特征、揭示多次波与一次波区别的基础上,针对多次波的不同特征合理地选取了压制多次波的方法,形成了一套海洋地震多次波的组合压制技术.在南海西部对发育反射多次波和绕射多次波的两种地震资料采用SRME、Radon变换、分频处理以及中值滤波方法的组合,两类多次波均得到了有效压制,结果比较理想.实际资料的处理实践表明,采用所述的四种技术组合来消除海洋多次波是切实有效的.

Multiple reflection is the most common noise in marine seismic data. The existence of multiple reflection degrades the signal/noise ratio, and further impacts on the reality and reliability of seismic imaging, and definitely it will affect the dependability of seismic interpretation. Multiple suppression has been a key procedure in marine seismic data processing for a long time. The forming condition and various types of multiple reflection wave were first discussed and then the difference of multiple and primary reflection wave was stated. How to select a reasonable multiple eliminating method that is applicable to marine seismic data processing was put forward. At last, a study case of a survey, which is collected from the west part of South China Sea, indicates that a hybrid method of SRME, Radon transformation, decomposition and median filter suppressed multiples significantly.