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肖坤叶,教授,主要从事非洲油气勘探等方面的研究和管理工作。通信地址:100083 北京市海淀区学院路20号;E-mail: xiaokunye@petrochina.com.cn |
Copy editor: 董庸
收稿日期: 2025-04-22
修回日期: 2025-08-25
网络出版日期: 2025-11-12
基金资助
国家科技重大专项“新一轮全球油气资源智能化评价与综合选区技术”(2025ZD1400800)
Distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of carbonate rocks in Africa
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XIAO Kunye, Professor, focus on oil and gas exploration and related work in Africa. Add: No. 20 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail: xiaokunye@petrochina.com.cn |
Received date: 2025-04-22
Revised date: 2025-08-25
Online published: 2025-11-12
非洲碳酸盐岩分布具有陆缘连片、陆内零星的特征。北非特提斯洋沿岸的裂谷盆地和大陆边缘裂谷盆地,受白垩纪和新生代大范围海侵影响长期处于陆缘海或陆表海环境,碳酸盐岩非常发育;西非和东非被动大陆边缘盆地局部存在适合碳酸盐沉积的环境,但受限于大陆架宽度和河流注入,碳酸盐沉积连续性和厚度有限;陆内裂谷和克拉通盆地多为碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混合沉积,碳酸盐岩零星分布。碳酸盐岩集中发育在白垩系和新生界,侏罗系局部发育,前古生界发育极为有限。非洲碳酸盐岩盆地的成藏条件可划分为3种类型:①锡尔特-佩拉杰型。深水泥岩与碳酸盐岩多层叠置形成多套成藏组合。②刚果-宽扎型。裂谷期湖相泥岩与湖相碳酸盐岩、被动陆缘期海相碳酸盐岩储层形成有效成藏组合。③埃拉托色尼台地型。台地周缘的海相泥岩-巨厚生物礁储层-上覆蒸发岩形成有效成藏组合。
肖坤叶 , 周鸿璞 , 欧亚菲 , 陈忠民 , 蔺子墨 , 索晓飞 , 陈亚京 , 马雪莹 , 赵宁 . 非洲碳酸盐岩分布与油气成藏条件[J]. 海相油气地质, 2025 , 30(5) : 401 -412 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.05.002
Carbonate rocks in Africa are characterized by extensive distribution along continental margins and scattered occurrences in the continent. Carbonate rocks are primarily distributed in rift basins and continental margin rift basins along the Tethyan margin of North Africa. Due to widespread marine transgressions during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, North Africa remained in a passive margin or epeiric sea environment, in favor of extensive carbonate deposition. They also occur in passive continental margin basins of West and East Africa, although with limited continuity and thickness due to narrow continental shelves and high fluvial input. Scattered carbonate deposits are found within intraplate rifts and ancient cratonic basins, which are dominated by mixed clastic-carbonate sedimentation. Carbonate rocks are concentrated in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, with localized occurrences in the Jurassic, and extremely limited prior to the Paleozoic. The accumulation conditions in African carbonate basins can be classified into three types: (1) The Sirte Basin and Pelagian Basin have vertical stacking of mudstones, carbonates, and evaporites due to multiple cycles of rifting, inversion, and sea-level fluctuations, indicating excellent petroleum systems in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic sequences. (2) The Kwanza Basin and Lower Congo Basin of West Africa have petroleum assemblage of lacustrine source rocks, lacustrine carbonates, and overlying evaporite seals, in addition, reservoirs with underlying lacustrine source rocks, overlying marine carbonates and mudstones developed. (3) The Eratosthenes isolated platform generated biogenic reef due to the inherited paleo-uplifts and suitable sea levels. There has an appropriate hydrocarbon system of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea source rocks, reef carbonate reservoirs, and Miocene evaporite seals.
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