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张强,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事油气成藏综合研究工作。通信地址: 310023浙江省杭州市西湖区西溪路920号; E-mail: zhangqiang_hz@petrochina.com.cn |
Copy editor: 韦东晓
收稿日期: 2025-08-18
修回日期: 2025-09-10
网络出版日期: 2025-11-12
基金资助
“十五五”国家科技重大专项“南海远海构造沉积差异演化与有利凹陷及勘探方向优选”(2025ZD1402705)
中国石油油气与新能源分公司项目“羌塘和中建南盆地及周缘油气成藏区划研究”(2025YQCCQH18)
Dissection and exploration enlightenment of typical carbonate oil and gas fields in the South China Sea
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ZHANG Qiang, Senior Engineer,mainly engaged in comprehensive research on oil and gas reservoir formation. Add: No.920 Xixi Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China. E-mail: zhangqiang_hz@petrochina.com.cn |
Received date: 2025-08-18
Revised date: 2025-09-10
Online published: 2025-11-12
有关南海新生界碳酸盐岩油气藏形成条件、主控因素及成藏模式的总结与对比的研究相对较少,制约了南海及同类地区碳酸盐岩油气的勘探。基于构造背景与基底控制因素,将南海碳酸盐台地划分为稳定型、断块型与反转型等3类,并选取每类台地中的典型油气田进行解剖,分析其源储盖条件、主控因素与成藏模式。研究认为:① 南海碳酸盐岩油气藏烃源岩多为渐新统及中新统的煤岩和煤系泥岩;储层多为中—上中新统生物礁灰岩、砂屑灰岩,储层孔隙度主要介于20%~25%,渗透率主体介于(100~200)×10-3 μm2;盖层为晚中新世以来的海相泥岩。② 3类台地具有不同的成藏模式:稳定型台地碳酸盐岩油气藏为“下生侧储”远距离输导成藏模式;断块型台地碳酸盐岩油气藏为“下生侧储”近距离输导成藏模式;反转型台地碳酸盐岩油气藏为“下生上储”近距离成藏模式。③ 3类碳酸盐台地具有不同的潜在勘探领域:稳定型台地侧重于不整合面或砂体之上发育的碳酸盐岩建隆;断块型台地应聚焦于地垒上与断陷相邻的碳酸盐岩建隆;反转型台地则宜优先关注直接发育于凹陷之上的碳酸盐岩建隆,这也是目前南海最重要的碳酸盐岩勘探领域。
张强 , 范国章 , 王红平 , 王雪峰 , 杨志力 , 张远泽 , 田洪训 , 李丽 . 南海典型碳酸盐岩油气田解剖与勘探启示[J]. 海相油气地质, 2025 , 30(5) : 527 -536 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.05.012
There are relatively few summaries and comparative studies on the formation conditions, hydrocarbon accumulation models, and main controlling factors of carbonate oil and gas fields in the South China Sea (SCS), making it difficult to guide oil and gas exploration in similar areas of the SCS. Based on the tectonic background and basement control factors, the carbonate platforms in the SCS are classified into three types: stable, fault-block and inverted. Typical oil and gas fields in each type of platform are selected for dissection to analyze the characteristics of hydrocarbon source- reservoir-cap conditions, hydrocarbon accumulation patterns and main controlling factors. The research suggests that: (1)The source rocks of carbonate reservoirs in the SCS are mostly Oligocene-Miocene coal rocks and coal bearing mudstones form. The reservoirs are mostly composed of Middle-Upper Miocene biogenic reef limestone and calcarenites, with porosity mainly ranging from 20% to 25%, and permeability mainly at the range of (100-200) × 10-3 μm2. The cap rock is Upper Miocene marine mudstone. (2)The three types of platforms exhibit distinct hydrocarbon accumulation models: stable platforms follow a "lower generation, lateral reservoir" model with long-distance migration; fault-block platforms adhere to a "lower generation, lateral reservoir" model with short-distance migration; inverted platforms exhibit a "lower generation, upper reservoir" model with short-distance migration. (3)The three types of carbonate platforms have different potential exploration areas: stable platforms focus on carbonate buildups developed above unconformities or sandstone bodies; fault-block platforms focus on the carbonate buildups on the horst adjacent to the fault depression. For reversed platforms, priority should be given to the carbonate buildups directly developed on the depression, which is also the most important exploration area for carbonate reservoirs in the SCS at present.
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