The fracture development characteristics and fluid distribution in shale reservoirs are key factors for evaluating shale gas exploration and development. However, the influence of pore shape on reservoir elasticity and physical properties is often neglected by existing methods, resulting in limited prediction accuracy. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved method centered on considering the effect of pore shape. Firstly, based on the cross-plot analysis of logging petrophysical parameters, the Gassmann fluid term is selected as the fluid identification factor for gas-bearing shale in the target area. Secondly, shale reservoirs with high-angle fractures are approximated as horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI) media. Combined with petrophysical modeling, an anisotropic reflection coefficient equation for HTI media (considering the effect of pore shape) is derived and established. On this basis, a two-step pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on the Bayesian framework is constructed to realize the direct inversion of fluid identification factors and fracture parameters. Synthetic seismogram tests show that the inversion results of this method have high consistency with model values and strong noise resistance. Field test results of the shale gas reservoirs of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the Daozhen syncline, Northern Guizhou area indicate that the inversion results have high consistency with logging interpretation, and can effectively characterize the development characteristics of high-angle fractures and the distribution of gas-bearing shale. The research results provide new theoretical and technical support for fracture prediction and fluid identification in shale reservoirs, and have important practical application value.
Fig. 5 The model of the subsurface parameters to be inverted for the synthetic test
以图5所示的模型作为输入数据,基于式(19)所示的反射系数方程计算不同方位角度与不同入射角度下的反射系数方程,在此基础上结合褶积模型进一步计算并输出如图6所示的无噪声合成地震记录。该地震记录反映了地层参数与地震振幅信息之间的非线性关联,能够为使用叠前地震各向异性反演地层参数提供数据基础。为了进一步在合成记录测试中评价反演方法的抗噪性与稳定性,将图6所示的合成地震记录添加了信噪比(signal to noise ratio, SNR)为10的随机噪声以开展含噪声合成地震记录下的反演测试工作。含信噪比为10的随机噪声的合成地震记录如图7所示。分别将图6与图7所示的合成地震记录作为观测数据输入,基于方位角度作差的两步叠前地震各向异性反演方法,分别输出了如图8中蓝色曲线与青色曲线所示的无噪声和SNR=10的反演结果。
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