Marine Origin Petroleum Geology >
Distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of carbonate rocks in Africa
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XIAO Kunye, Professor, focus on oil and gas exploration and related work in Africa. Add: No. 20 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. E-mail: xiaokunye@petrochina.com.cn |
Received date: 2025-04-22
Revised date: 2025-08-25
Online published: 2025-11-12
Carbonate rocks in Africa are characterized by extensive distribution along continental margins and scattered occurrences in the continent. Carbonate rocks are primarily distributed in rift basins and continental margin rift basins along the Tethyan margin of North Africa. Due to widespread marine transgressions during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, North Africa remained in a passive margin or epeiric sea environment, in favor of extensive carbonate deposition. They also occur in passive continental margin basins of West and East Africa, although with limited continuity and thickness due to narrow continental shelves and high fluvial input. Scattered carbonate deposits are found within intraplate rifts and ancient cratonic basins, which are dominated by mixed clastic-carbonate sedimentation. Carbonate rocks are concentrated in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, with localized occurrences in the Jurassic, and extremely limited prior to the Paleozoic. The accumulation conditions in African carbonate basins can be classified into three types: (1) The Sirte Basin and Pelagian Basin have vertical stacking of mudstones, carbonates, and evaporites due to multiple cycles of rifting, inversion, and sea-level fluctuations, indicating excellent petroleum systems in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic sequences. (2) The Kwanza Basin and Lower Congo Basin of West Africa have petroleum assemblage of lacustrine source rocks, lacustrine carbonates, and overlying evaporite seals, in addition, reservoirs with underlying lacustrine source rocks, overlying marine carbonates and mudstones developed. (3) The Eratosthenes isolated platform generated biogenic reef due to the inherited paleo-uplifts and suitable sea levels. There has an appropriate hydrocarbon system of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea source rocks, reef carbonate reservoirs, and Miocene evaporite seals.
XIAO Kunye , ZHOU Hongpu , OU Yafei , CHEN Zhongmin , LIN Zimo , SUO Xiaofei , CHEN Yajing , MA Xueying , ZHAO Ning . Distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of carbonate rocks in Africa[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2025 , 30(5) : 401 -412 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.05.002
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