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Genesis mechanisms and reservoir-controlling mechanisms of deep dolomite of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in central Sichuan Basin
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CHEN Manfei, MSc, mainly engaged in reservoir geology and geological experimental research. Add: No. 12, North Section of Tianfu Avenue, Chengdu High-tech Zone, Sichuan, 610041; E-mail: chenmanfei@petrochina.com.cn |
Received date: 2025-06-25
Revised date: 2025-09-03
Online published: 2025-10-14
The dolomites of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the central Sichuan Basin are important targets for deep oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin. To gain an in-depth understanding of their genesis and reservoir formation mechanisms, this study, based on systematic core and thinsection observations combined with geochemical analysis such as rare earth elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes, and U-Pb dating, has yielded the following insights: (1) The dolomites of the Maokou Formation were primarily formed through three stages of dolomitization: residual bioclastic grain dolomite is the product of penecontemporaneous sea water dolomitization; very fine-crystalline and fine-crystalline dolomite formed in a shallow burial environment, controlled by dolomitization of marine-sourced pore water; while medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites were related to the Emeishan large igneous province event and formed by the replacement of pre-existing dolomite or limestone through shallow burial structural-hydrothermal dolomititation. (2) The reservoir spaces of the Maokou Formation dolomites underwent a complex diagenetic evolution process, with the diagenetic sequence being: cementation→meteoric freshwater dissolution→penecontemporaneous dolomitization→shallow burial dolomitization→mechanical compaction→tectonic fracturing→hydrothermal alteration→pressure dissolution→hydrocarbon charging. (3) The development of the Maokou Formation dolomite reservoirs is controlled by a "sedimentation-diagenesis-tectonics" triple control mechanism: high-energy platform-margin shoals laid the foundation for primary porosity; penecontemporaneous dissolution and dolomitization were key to the development of large-scale porosity; and tectonic-hydrothermal activities played an important adjusting role in the reservoirs through the dynamic balance between dissolution-enhanced porosity and cementation-reduced porosity. Based on the above understanding, it is inferred that large-scale dolomite reservoirs of the Maokou Formation in the central Sichuan Basin are mainly distributed in high-energy platform-margin shoals or areas adjacent to faults. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the formation process of complex dolomite reservoirs and provide clear directions and solid theoretical support for the next phase of deep oil and gas exploration in this area.
CHEN Manfei , ZHANG Benjian , CHEN Hongbin , LI Sheng , KANG Qiang , GAO Heting , GAO Zhaolong , LI Changwei . Genesis mechanisms and reservoir-controlling mechanisms of deep dolomite of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2026 , 31(1) : 33 -47 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2026.01.003
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