Tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography is the foundation of the evaluation for source-reservoir-cap and reservoir-forming assemblage, which plays a significant role in oil and gas exploration. However, because of the limited data and recognition, the existing facies maps of major marine basins in China can not meet the needs of oil and gas exploration in deep marine carbonate rocks. Based on the new drilling and seismic data, the lithofacies recognition technology was used to restore the marine tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography of Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin. It is concluded that: (1) the tectonic paleogeography of China's marine carbonate platform in small craton is characterized with the alternation of uplift and depression, and uplift controlling reservoir and depression controlling source rocks; (2) tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography is characterized with multiple platform margins, multiple shoal zones and multiple platform basins; (3) tectonic-lithofacies paleogeography plays an important role in the early dolomitization and the range and reconstruction degree of karstification, thus controlling the distribution of reservoir; (4) multiple margin platform model is established and double-shoal sedimentary model of gentle slope is improved, which reveals that there are many favorable reservoir-forming assemblages in the marine carbonate platform of China. The research results deepen the understanding of the common characteristics of China's marine carbonate platform in small craton, and provide theoretical support for oil and gas exploration of deep marine carbonate rocks.

下古生界白云岩潜山是塔里木盆地油气勘探的重要领域之一。位于塔中25构造带的G58井在上寒武统下丘里塔格组白云岩测试中获得高产油气流，揭示下古生界白云岩潜山具有广阔勘探前景，但目前对下丘里塔格组白云岩潜山优质储层分布规律仍不清楚，储层预测缺少有效的技术手段。通过采用野外剖面观察、单井资料分析、地震资料预测等方法，分析了塔中东部潜山区下丘里塔格组白云岩储集层的主控因素，并预测了优质储层的分布范围。研究表明：塔中25构造带储集层岩性可细分为砂屑白云岩、细晶白云岩及粉晶白云岩；储集空间为孔洞、孔隙、裂缝；储层物性表现出低孔低渗特点；储层孔隙结构为粗孔中等喉道特点；岩溶作用形成的古地貌残丘幅度控制了白云岩储层的厚度，构造作用形成的裂缝控制了主要储集空间和渗流通道。三维地震解释显示出研究区下丘里塔格组优质白云岩储层平面上呈现出由“两沟”隔挡成3段式特点，东段、中段与西段均表现为古地貌较高且裂缝发育程度高，是白云岩储层有利发育区。

The Lower Paleozoic dolomite buried hill is one of the important fields of oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin. The Well G58 located in Tazhong 25 structural belt obtained high-yield oil and gas flow in the dolomite test of the lower Qiulitage Formation of the Upper Cambrian， which revealed that the Lower Paleozoic dolomite buried hill has a broad exploration prospect. However， the distribution rule of high-quality reservoir in the dolomite buried hill of the lower Qiulitage Formation is still unclear， and the reservoir prediction is lack effective technical means. In this paper， field section observation， single well data analysis， seismic data prediction and other methods are used to analyze the main controlling factors of dolomite reservoir in the lower Qiulitage Formation in the buried hill area in the east of Tazhong， and to predict the distribution range of high-quality reservoir. The study shows that the reservoir lithology of Tazhong 25 structural belt can be divided into sand clastic dolomite， fine-grained dolomite and silty dolomite； the reservoir space is pore， pore and fracture； the physical properties of the reservoir show the characteristics of low porosity and permeability； the pore structure of the reservoir is the characteristics of coarse pore and medium throat； the range of paleogeomorphic residual hills formed by karst action controls the thickness of dolomite reservoir， and the fracture formed by tectonic action fractures controls the main reservoir space and seepage channel. Three dimensional seismic interpretation shows that the high-quality dolomite reservoir of the Lower Qiulitage Formation in the study area is divided into three sections by "two ditches". The eastern， middle and western sections all show high palaeogeomorphology and high fracture development degree， which is favorable for dolomite reservoir development.

塔里木盆地库车坳陷南部斜坡带温宿—西秋地区托探1井在寒武系潜山白云岩储层获得重大突破，对库车南斜坡迎烃面多目的层潜山勘探具有重要意义。受制于地质条件复杂，该地区的油气富集规律认识不清、地质结构落实及圈闭刻画难度大，制约了潜山油气勘探。基于构造特征、潜山地层分布、生—储—盖组合、油气输导体系及勘探实践的系统分析，探讨了潜山油气成藏新模式。温宿—西秋地区古生界构造为受前冲断裂沙井子—西秋断裂和反冲断裂乌什南断裂控制的背冲式构造，F1和F2两条次级反冲断裂使得背冲构造复杂化，形成3排古生界潜山构造，每排构造自近断层到远断层区古生界潜山地层由老变新。其中寒武系潜山地层分布范围最广、呈北东东向大面积展布，潜山储层以局限台地颗粒滩相白云岩为主，受多期构造活动、长时期暴露溶蚀叠加改造，裂缝—孔洞型白云岩优质储层规模连片发育。潜山油气藏表现为三叠系黄山街组和侏罗系恰克马克组泥岩联合供烃、裂缝—孔洞型白云岩成储、上覆古近系膏盐岩封盖的生—储—盖组合样式；成藏具有“库车油气远源供烃、不整合面输导、迎烃面构造富集”的特征，主要成藏期在喜马拉雅晚期（4—1Ma）。托探1井的成功钻探，证实了温宿—西秋地区多排多类型潜山巨大的勘探潜力，重新刻画潜山圈闭面积近840km²、石油资源量约2.0×10⁸t、天然气资源量约590×10⁸m³，有望成为油气增储上产新的战略接替区。

A major breakthrough has been made in the Cambrian buried hill dolomite reservoir in Well Tuotan 1 in Wensu-Xiqiu area on the south slope of Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin, which is of great significance to the exploration of multi-target buried hill on the hydrocarbon facing side on the south slope of Kuqa Depression. Due to the complex geological conditions, there is a lack of clear understanding on hydrocarbon enrichment law, and it is difficult to identify geological structures and characterize traps, which restrict the petroleum exploration in the buried hills in the study area. Based on the systematic analysis of structural features, stratigraphic distribution in buried hill, source rock-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, hydrocarbon transport system, and exploration practice, a new pattern of hydrocarbon accumulation in the buried hill has been established. The Paleozoic structure in Wensu-Xiqiu area is a back thrust structure controlled by the front thrust Shajingzi-Xiqiu Fault and recoil thrust Wushinan Fault, which is further complicated by two secondary back thrust faults F1 and F2, forming three rows of Paleozoic buried hill structures, with the stratigraphic age from old to new from the near fault to the far fault area in each row of structures. Among them, the Cambrian buried hill strata have the largest distribution range in a NEE direction. The buried hill reservoirs are mainly composed of dolomite of restricted platform granular beach facies, and the high-quality fractured-vuggy type dolomite reservoirs are contiguously distributed after reconstructed by multi stage tectonic activities and long-term exposure and erosion. The hydrocarbon accumulation assemblage of the buried hill oil and gas reservoirs is composed of dual hydrocarbon supply by mudstone source rocks in the Triassic Huangshanjie Formation and the Jurassic Chakmak Formation, fractured-vuggy type dolomite reservoir, and cap rock of the overlying Paleogene gypsum salt rock; The hydrocarbon accumulation is characterized by “distant hydrocarbon supply from Kuqa Depression, hydrocarbon transport by unconformity surface, and hydrocarbon enrichment in structures on the hydrocarbon facing side”, with the main hydrocarbon accumulation period in the late Himalayan (4-1Ma). The successful drilling of Well Tuotan 1 has confirmed the huge exploration potential of multi-row and multi-type buried hills in Wensu-Xiqiu area, with the re delineated buried hill trap area of 840km², and the discovered oil resources of about 2.0×10⁸t and natural gas resources of about 590×10⁸m³, which is expected to be a new strategic replacement area for increasing oil and gas reserves and production.

2023年9月, 塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部喀拉玉尔衮构造带雄探1井在上寒武统下丘里塔格组获重大油气勘探突破,继白垩系、古近系后,塔北地区又获一重要层系发现,标志着塔北地区具备多层系立体成藏特征。基于构造样式、断裂特征及雄探1井钻井、测井、测试资料的综合分析,明确了喀拉玉尔衮构造带烃源岩条件、油源通道和储、盖条件及圈闭类型,系统梳理了喀拉玉尔衮构造带寒武系下丘里塔格组的油气成藏要素及成藏模式。塔北隆起深层发育两套烃源岩,其中,寒武系玉尔吐斯组为主要烃源岩层,前寒武系裂陷槽烃源岩为潜在烃源岩。研究区构造运动活跃,发育加里东期、海西期和喜马拉雅期断裂,NNW向走滑断裂叠加NW向及EW向逆冲断裂,形成相互交错的断裂体系,垂向沟通深部烃源岩与储集层。研究区上寒武统下丘里塔格组具有早期成圈、多期成藏的特点,晚海西期受强烈挤压作用的影响,多条通源断裂及相关构造圈闭雏形形成,后期构造运动叠加,研究区持续隆升,形成上寒武统大面积连片分布的构造圈闭,捕获多期油气充注。建立了下丘里塔格组“下生上储、断裂输导、近源成藏”的构造油气成藏模式。研究认识揭示,塔北西部寒武系下丘里塔格组具有巨大的油气勘探潜力,有望成为盆地台盆区新的油气增储上产战略接替区。

Well Xiongtan 1 in Kalayuergun structural belt of western Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin, has made a major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in the Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in September 2023. This is another significant oil bearing strata discovery that has been made since Cretaceous and Paleogene in Tabei area, demonstrating the three-dimensional multi-layer hydrocarbon accumulation in Tabei area. Based on comprehensively analyzing the structural styles, fault characteristics, as well as the drilling, logging and testing data of Well Xiongtan 1, the paper makes clear the source rock conditions, oil and gas channel, reservoir-cap conditions and trap types of Kalayuergun structural belt, and systematically summarizes the accumulation elements and modes of the Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in Kalayuergun structural belt. Two sets of deep source rocks are developed in Tabei uplift. The hydrocarbon source correlation shows that the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation is the main source rock layer, and the potential source rock is developed in the pre-Cambrian rift trough. Tectonic movement is active in the study area, forming Caledonian, Hercynian and Himalayan faults. NNW-trending strike-slip faults are superimposed with NW- and EW-trending thrust faults, forming an interlaced fault system, which vertically communicates with deep source rocks and reservoirs. Traps of the Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation were formed at an early stage, where multiple periods of oil and gas accumulation occurred; under the influence of strong compression in Late Hercynian period, several faults connected with source rocks and related structural traps were initially formed. As a result of the late tectonic movement, the whole area continued to uplift, and formed a large area of continuously distributed tectonic traps in the Upper Cambrian reservoir, capturing oil and gas in multiple stages. The hydrocarbon accumulation mode of "lower generation and upper reservoir, dredging by faults and near-source accumulation" is established. The research results reveal that the Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation in western Tabei uplift has a huge exploration prospect, and it is expected to become a new strategic replacement area for increasing reserve and production in the platform area of Tarim Basin.

把柯坪断隆“还原”为塔里木板块的一部分，重塑了它与北邻的乌什地区和南邻的巴楚地区古生代“分分”“合合”的演化史，得到以下重要认识。（1）奥陶纪在乌什、柯坪和巴楚一间房地区发育以东西向的古吐木休克断层为南界的台盆；该断层的西段后期被柯坪塔格断裂（东西走向段）迁就利用，中—东段后期因被肢解而“消失”。（2）柯坪地区最西部中泥盆世已有海相沉积，晚泥盆世—石炭纪海侵不断向东扩展；因南天山洋的消减在柯坪—阿克苏—库车一线形成横贯塔里木北缘的石炭纪隆起带，使得塔里木中—北部上泥盆统—石炭系的沉积相有清楚的空间展布规律。（3）据同位素年龄值将柯坪地区东段玄武岩的时代更正为早二叠世，强烈火成活动造成的热隆升使该地区早二叠世即出现陆相沉积；塔西北的其他地区石炭纪末—早二叠世普遍发生海侵。（4）从与南天山洋和西昆仑洋耦合演化的角度简要探讨了塔里木西北地区古生代的成盆动力学背景，认为古生代有东西向、北西向及北东向的控盆和控相断裂发育并总结了其后期演化的特点。

塔里木克拉通南华纪—寒武纪的隆坳格局控制着寒武系盐下生储盖的时空分布，对塔里木盆地新元古界—寒武系油气勘探选区有着重要的影响。通过野外地质露头、新的三维地震资料和钻孔，综合研究塔里木克拉通南华纪—寒武纪的构造古地理演化。研究结果认为，南华纪，在罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解的拉张背景下，形成主动裂陷与被动隆起，表现为“两隆四坳”构造背景，分别为中央隆起、库车—塔北隆起、满加尔坳陷、麦盖提坳陷、阿瓦提坳陷与和田坳陷。震旦纪，经历库鲁克塔格运动后的挤压—拉张构造背景，塔南隆起强烈隆升，塔西地台形成，南华纪的阿瓦提坳陷与麦盖提坳陷转变为台内凹陷；构造古地理可划分为塔南隆起、塔西地台、满加尔坳陷与和田坳陷，塔西地台可分为塔北凸起、柯坪—古城凸起、阿满古梁、满西古梁、阿瓦提凹陷、满西凹陷、麦盖提凹陷与乌什凹陷。寒武纪，在柯坪运动后转为拉张环境，构造古地理可划分为塔南隆起、温宿—牙哈隆起、塔西地台、罗西地台、和田坳陷、满加尔坳陷与乌什斜坡7 个一级构造单元，塔西地台内部根据古地形凹凸特点进一步划分为柯坪—古城凸起、阿满古梁、满西古梁、轮南—古城台缘、麦盖提凹陷、阿瓦提凹陷与满西凹陷7 个二级构造单元。

The uplift-depression framework of Tarim Craton in Nanhua-Cambrian controlled the temporal and spatial distribution of source rock, reservoir and cap rock assemblages of the subsalt Cambrian, which had an important influence on the selection of favorable exploration zones of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian. The tectonic paleogeographic evolution of Tarim Craton in Nanhua-Cambrian is comprehensively studied by using field outcrops, new acquired 3D seismic and wells data. Results show that in Nanhua period, active rifts and passive uplifts were formed in extensional setting caused by the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent, with a structural pattern of “two uplifts and four depressions”, including the Central Uplift, Kuqa-Tabei Uplift, Manjiar Depression, Maigaiti Depression, Awati Depression, and Hotan Depression. In Sinian period, affected by the compressional-extensional tectonic settings after the Kuruktag movement, the southern Tarim Uplift was strongly uplifted, the western Tarim Platform was developed, and the Awati Depression and Maigaiti Depression changed into the intra platform sags; The tectonic paleogeography was divided into four units, i.e., southern Tarim Uplift, western Tarim Platform, Manjiar Depression and Hotan Depression. Furthermore, the western Tarim Platform was subdivided into Tabei Bulge, Keping-Gucheng Bulge,Aman Paleo Ridge, Manxi Paleo Ridge, Awati Sag, Manxi Sag, Maigaiti Sag and Wushi Sag. In the Cambrian, controlled by the extensional setting after the Keping movement, the tectonic paleogeography was divided into seven first-order structural units, namely the southern Tarim The uplift-depression framework of Tarim Craton in Nanhua-Cambrian controlled the temporal and spatial distribution of source rock, reservoir and cap rock assemblages of the subsalt Cambrian, which had an important influence on the selection of favorable exploration zones of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian. The tectonic paleogeographic evolution of Tarim Craton in Nanhua-Cambrian is comprehensively studied by using field outcrops, new acquired 3D seismic and wells data. Results show that in Nanhua period, active rifts and passive uplifts were formed in extensional setting caused by the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent, with a structural pattern of “two uplifts and four depressions”, including the Central Uplift, Kuqa-Tabei Uplift, Manjiar Depression, Maigaiti Depression, Awati Depression, and Hotan Depression. In Sinian period, affected by the compressional-extensional tectonic settings after the Kuruktag movement, the southern TarimUplift was strongly uplifted, the western Tarim Platform was developed, and the Awati Depression and Maigaiti Depression changed into the intra platform sags; The tectonic paleogeography was divided into four units, i.e., southern Tarim Uplift, western Tarim Platform, Manjiar Depression and Hotan Depression. Furthermore, the western Tarim Platform was subdivided into Tabei Bulge, Keping-Gucheng Bulge, Aman Paleo Ridge, Manxi Paleo Ridge, Awati Sag, Manxi Sag, Maigaiti Sag and Wushi Sag. In the Cambrian, controlled by the extensionalsetting after the Keping movement, the tectonic paleogeography was divided into seven first-order structural units, namely the southern Tarim

综合地震资料解释、钻井及盆地周缘露头地质资料,研究塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩生、储、盖等石油地质条件,并优选有利勘探区带。研究认为：塔里木盆地发育寒武系玉尔吐斯组优质烃源岩和南华系—震旦系潜在烃源岩,塔西台地地层小区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组台内丘滩、台缘礁滩白云岩储集层规模发育,中寒武统膏盐岩类优质盖层分布面积约11×10⁴km²,3个继承性古隆起控制沉积储集层展布、岩性-地层圈闭的发育及油气聚集成藏,具备形成大油气田的优越石油地质条件。评价优选了塔中—巴东台内滩带、塔北台缘—礁后滩带、柯坪台缘—礁后滩带、玉龙—墨玉半蒸发云盐坪带及轮南—古城台缘带5大油气有利区带,为寒武系盐下白云岩的油气勘探提供了理论依据。图9表2参24

Based on seismic, well drilling and crop data in the Tarim Basin, the accumulation conditions including source rock, reservoir, caprock and paleouplift of the Cambrian subsalt dolomites have been investigated, and favorable exploration areas have been selected. The research results reveal: there are two sets of source rock, the excellent Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rock and the potential Nanhua-Sinian source rock, in the Tarim Basin. The dolomite reservoir of platform mound-shoal and platform margin reef-shoal facies is extensive in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation in Taixi terrace area. The Middle Cambrian high quality gypsum-salt caprock has an area of about 11×10⁴km²; three inherited paleouplifts control the distribution of reservoirs and development of lithology stratigraphic traps and hydrocarbon accumulation, therefore, there are very good geologic conditions for the formation of large oil and gas fields in the Tarim Basin. Five oil and gas plays, namely, Tazhong-Badong intra-platform shoal, Tabei platform margin-reef bank, Keping platform margin-reef bank, Yulong-Moyu evaporative dolomite flat and Lunnan-Gucheng platform margin have been picked out, which provides a scientific basis for the oil and gas exploration and development in the Lower Cambrian dolomite.

针对塔里木盆地寒武系盐下领域（上震旦统—中寒武统）源储分布不清的问题,利用最新采集/拼接处理的50余条地震大测线、三维地震数据体、22口钻井与周缘剖面等资料,开展以组为单元的构造-岩相古地理研究,落实规模性源储分布,评价有利勘探区带。结果表明：①该盆地经历了缓坡→深水富泥质缓坡→缓坡→弱镶边-强镶边台地演化序列,台内分异受前寒武系古裂陷控制;②罗南—玉北古裂陷控制下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩分布,与北部坳陷共同构成主力烃源岩区;③发育上震旦统奇格布拉克组、下寒武统肖尔布拉克组和吾松格尔组3套规模性储集层,古丘滩、早期白云石化及多级不整合控制储集层的发育;④评价出塔中北斜坡、麦盖提上斜坡、柯坪—温宿周缘及塔北南斜坡等4个有利区带,塔中北斜坡为勘探突破最现实领域,塔北南斜坡是探索上震旦统大型风化壳白云岩的最佳领域,麦盖提斜坡及柯坪—温宿周缘勘探潜力得到明显提升,值得加快探索。图8表1参28

通过钻井取心及露头沉积相观察、地震层序解释及地震相分析，结合蛇绿混杂岩带分布及板块构造演化等区域地质资料，对三级层序地层格架下的塔里木盆地寒武纪岩相古地理特征进行了研究。结果表明，塔里木板块内部存在3个孤立碳酸盐台地（塔西台地、罗西台地及库鲁克塔格台地）及其间深水沉积区的古地理格局，塔西南地区存在寒武系深水盆地相沉积分布区,并且该深水盆地相沉积分布区可能是以和田河气田为代表的塔西南地区海相油气藏的主力烃源区。发生于早震旦世和早寒武世的塔里木板块北缘大陆裂谷运动，以及震旦纪—寒武纪的张裂构造环境控制了塔里木板块内部多个孤立碳酸盐台地及其间深水沉积区的形成。从早寒武世到晚寒武世，虽然塔里木板块内的古地理格局总体没有发生大的变化，但以塔西台地为主的孤立碳酸盐台地均发生了进积—加积作用而变得更大，并且不同时空台地边缘类型及其叠置型式也发生了变化，主要表现为早寒武世以发育缓坡—（斜坡坡度较小的）弱镶边台地边缘为主，中—晚寒武世以发育弱镶边—（斜坡坡度较大的）镶边台地边缘为主。

<p>Through sedimentary facies observations on coring and outcrop samples, seismic sequence interpretations and seismic facies analyses, the present paper, integrated regional geological data of ophiolite-melange belts with those of plate tectonic evolution, firstly compiled 4 lithofacies paleogeography maps of Cambrian sequences in the Tarim Basin under the third sequences stratigraphic framework. We discovered 3 Cambrian isolated carbonate platforms (the western Tarim platform, western Lop Nor platform and Kuruktag platform) and&nbsp; some inter-platform deepwater depositional regions within the Tarim plate and suggested that Cambrian deepwater basinal-facies depositional regions distributed in southwestern Tarim might be chief source rocks of marine oil-gas reservoirs represented by the Hetianhe gas field, this point of view is very important to marine oil &amp; gas exploration in the Tarim Basin, especially in the SW Tarim area. The continental riftogenesis of the northern margin of the Tarim plate occurred initially in Early Sinian and Early Cambrian, and the Sinian-Cambrian pull-apart structural condition controlled the formation of several isolated carbonate platforms and inter-platform deepwater depositional areas within the Tarim plate. From Early Cambrian to Late Cambrian, these isolated carbonate platforms represented by the western Tarim platform expanded universally due to progradation and aggradation though the paleogeographic framework as a whole did not change much within the Tarim plate, meanwhile, changes occurred in types and superimposition patterns of platform margins in different time-space domains, namely ramp to feebly rimmed platform margins were dominant in Early Cambrian, while feebly rimmed to rimmed platform margins became dominant in Middle-Late Cambrian.</p>

塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩是非常重要的潜在勘探领域，具有厚度大、范围广、资源量巨大的特征，同时又具有时代老、埋藏深、成岩作用复杂的特点，给储层的研究及勘探带来难度。通过大量的岩心、薄片及露头资料，系统地梳理了塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩的储集空间类型，组构选择性分为：晶间孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、膏模孔、溶塌角砾孔和藻格架孔；部分组构选择性分为：晶间溶孔、溶蚀孔洞；非组构选择性分为：洞穴、构造缝、溶缝和压溶缝。并展示了基于CT的晶间孔、粒间孔和粒内孔的孔喉结构特征。根据储层发育位置、分布特征，结合孔隙形成主控因素，提出了新的白云岩储层成因分类，把储层划分为受沉积相控制的、受层序界面控制的和受断裂控制的白云岩储层3个大类，并又细分为高能丘滩相、蒸发潮坪相、内幕层间岩溶、潜山岩溶、埋藏&mdash;热液岩溶和构造裂缝型白云岩储层6个小类，该分类方案具有较强的实用性。

The dolomite of Lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin is characterized by wide distribution,large thickness and huge resource amount,and it is a potentially important exploration field.But because of old age,great burial depth and complex diagenesis,it will bring a large difficulty to research reservoir and exploration.Using cores,thin sections and outcrops data,we made a systematically study of the types of effective reservoir space in Lower Paleozoic of Tarim Basin.Fabric selective reservoir space includes intracrystalline pore,intergranular pore,intragranular pore,gypsum-dissolved pore,interbreccia pore and algal intraframe pore|part fabric selective reservoir space includes intercrystalline solution pore and vug|none-fabric selective reservoir space includes cave,structural fracture and pressolution seam.According to the position and the distribution characteristics of dolomite reservoir,and combined with the main controlling factors,we put forward a new dolomite reservoir classification scheme.The facies-controlled dolomite reservoir can be divided into Shoal-mound and evaporative tidal flat dolomite reservoir|the sequence boundary-controlled dolomite reservoir can be divided into interlayer karst and buried hill karst dolomite reservoir|the fault-controlled dolomite reservoir can be divided into buried-hydrothermal and fracture dolomite reservoir.This classification scheme has good practicability.

海相碳酸盐岩是中国陆上油气勘探的重要组成部分,近年来取得了一系列勘探突破,为保障中国能源安全发挥了重要作用。结合近期中国三大克拉通盆地油气勘探成效,系统梳理了中国海相油气成藏理论、勘探技术与油气发现等最新进展。①中国三大克拉通的海相油气勘探成效显著:塔里木盆地富满地区、顺北地区发现两个地质储量达10亿吨级超深层断控型特大油气田,四川盆地川中古隆起北斜坡区发现万亿立方米级大气区,鄂尔多斯盆地在奥陶系盐下马家沟组五段6亚段—马家沟组四段白云岩中发现了多个勘探新区带。②在储层预测与成储过程示踪方面取得了一系列重要进展:Mg同位素示踪白云石化过程的研究推动了白云岩成因机理的发展;通过分析深部断溶体等多类碳酸盐岩储集空间特征及保持机制,明确了碳酸盐岩洞穴储层勘探深度的下限远远超过可钻深度;断溶体刻画、礁滩体表征、储层透明与定容表征等技术进步推动了高效勘探的进程,显著提高了钻井成功率。③成藏过程与流体示踪方面进展显著:轻烃、同位素、生物标志化合物等分析技术的创新,提升了油—气—源对比的有效性;多种成藏定年技术取得的重要进展有效指导了成藏有利区的确定;油气藏演化与重建技术的不断发展推动了中国复杂构造背景下海相碳酸盐岩的成藏过程分析由定性向定量转变。④系统分析中国海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏的富集规律与主控要素,明确了中国海相油气藏具有面积分布大、油气柱幅度大、高产井受烃源岩与规模储层联合控制、走滑断裂控制富集区、油气藏寿命超长的鲜明特征。⑤中国海相盆地万米深层资源潜力巨大,潜在发育5个万亿立方米级大气区和1个10亿吨级大油田区。中国海相油气成藏理论的发展丰富了特色小克拉通盆地的油气成藏理论,推动了石油地质理论的不断进步,并在中国万米深层油气勘探实践中发挥着重要作用。

Marine carbonate rocks are an important part of onshore oil-gas exploration in China. A series of exploration breakthroughs have been made in recent years, which play an important role in ensuring energy security. Based on the recent achievements of petroleum exploration in the three craton basins of China, this paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the theory and technology of marine petroleum accumulation in China, and forms the following understandings and advances. (1)Significant achievements have been made in marine oil and gas exploration in three major cratons. For example, two ultra-deep fault-controlled giant oil-gas fields with 1 billion tons of geological reserves have been discovered in in Fuman and Shunbei areas of Tarim Basin, the trillion cubic meters of large gas field has been initially established in the northern slope of central Sichuan Basin, and several new exploration zones have been discovered in the dolomites from the Ordovician pre-salt submember 6 of Member 5 of Majiagou Formation to Member 4 of Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin. (2)A series of important advances have been made in reservoir prediction and reservoir tracing. For example, the study of Mg isotope tracing dolomitization process has promoted the development of genetic mechanism analysis of dolomite. By analyzing the spatial characteristics and retention mechanism of carbonate reservoirs such as deep fault solution, it is clear that the lower limit of exploration depth of carbonate cavern reservoir is far beyond the drilling depth. Advances in fault solution characterization, reef bank characterization, reservoir transparency and constant volume characterization have promoted efficient exploration and significantly improved drilling success. (3)Remarkable progress has been made in hydrocarbon accumulation process and fluid tracing. For example, technological innovations such as light hydrocarbons, isotopes and biomarkers have been used to improve the effectiveness of hydrocarbon source correlation. Important progress has been made in the dating techniques of accumulation with various methods, which can effectively guide the determination of favorable accumulation areas. With the development of hydrocarbon reservoir evolution and reconstruction technology, the marine carbonate reservoir formation process under complex tectonic background has been transformed from qualitative analysis to quantitative study. (4)By systematically analyzeing the accumulation law and main controlling factors of marine carbonate oil and gas in China, it is clear that marine oil and gas reservoirs in China are characterized by large area distribution, large amplitude of oil and gas column, high production well controlled by source rock and large-scale reservoir, oil and gas richment controlled by strike-slip fault, and ultra-long life of hydrocarbon reservoirs. (5)The deep and ultra-deep resource potential of marine basins in China is huge, with the potential development of 5 trillion cubic meter gas fields and 1 billion-ton oilfield. The development of marine oil and gas theory enriches the accumulation theory of small craton basins, promotes the progress of petroleum geology theory, and plays an important role in the practice of oil and gas exploration.

下寒武统肖尔布拉克组是塔里木盆地寒武系盐下领域主要勘探目的层之一，然而当前沉积相及储层成因认识不深制约了勘探的突破。以柯坪地区肖尔布拉克剖面为对象，在野外实测描述的基础上，优选样品开展了碳氧稳定同位素、锶同位素、白云石有序度、微量元素、稀土元素、U-Pb同位素定年和团簇同位素分析。结果表明：①肖尔布拉克组主要发育层纹石、凝块石、黏结颗粒、泡沫绵层石和叠层石5种微生物白云岩，自下而上的岩相组合特征可将其分为3个段5个亚段，整体构成一个三级层序；②柯坪地区早寒武世肖尔布拉克组沉积期整体处于温热—干热气候，相对正常—较高海水盐度、水体向上逐渐变浅和氧含量逐渐增加的海洋环境，发育碳酸盐缓坡背景下的外缓坡微生物层—中缓坡微生物丘—内缓坡微生物丘滩—潮坪沉积序列；③白云岩形成于准同生—浅埋藏期相对较低温度环境，白云石化流体为具有较高盐度的海水；④储层储集空间类型主要为原生微生物格架孔和受早表生期大气淡水溶蚀作用改造的溶蚀孔洞，沉积微相、高频层序界面和早期白云石化作用是控制储层发育的主要因素。研究成果可以为该领域岩相古地理编图和储层分布预测提供依据。

Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation is an important exploration target of Cambrian pre-salt in Tarim Basin, but the limited knowledge of sedimentary facies and reservoir genesis led to the restriction of exploration. This study took Xiaoerblak outcrop of Keping area as an example. Based on detailed description, 110 thin sections identification and multi-parameters geochemical (order degree, trace elements, rare earth elements, δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, U-Pb dating and cluster isotopes) data analysis, it was found that Xiaoerblak Formation can be divided into three members, and microbial dolomite is the main lithology. The characteristics of lithofacies assemblage form bottom to up indicate that it can be described as a complete three-order sequence. The sedimentary environment of Early Cambrian Xiaoerblak Period in Keping area characterized by warm-dry climate, normal-higher sea salinity, gradually increase oxygen content and upward shallower water. The sedimentary sequence was microbial layer-microbial mound/shoal-tidal flat in carbonated ramp background. Dolomitization took place in penecontemporaneous-early diagenetic stage and the main dolomitization fluid was high-saline seawater. Primary microbial framework pores and vugs which formed by the dissolution atmospheric water are the main reservoir spaces. Reservoir was mainly controlled by sedimentary microfacies, high frequency sequence interface and early dolomitization. These research results are of great significance for sedimentary facies mapping and reservoir prediction in Cambrian pre-salt field.

基于盆地钻遇中下寒武统18口井的岩心、薄片和单井资料及两条露头剖面,开展微区（指在不同成岩作用事件中形成的同类成岩矿物）地球化学分析和储集层溶蚀模拟实验,研究塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层类型、成因和分布。塔里木盆地中下寒武统发育台缘礁滩、台内丘滩和台内膏云岩3类白云岩储集层,其中,台内膏云岩储集层又可分为潜山型和内幕型两个亚类;储集层岩石类型有藻礁（丘）白云岩、砂屑白云岩和膏云岩,藻礁（丘）白云岩储集层以藻格架（溶）孔为主,砂屑白云岩储集层以粒间、粒内（溶）孔及晶间（溶）孔为主,膏云岩储集层以石膏铸模孔及微孔隙为主。礁滩相和膏云坪沉积中的沉积原生孔是储集层发育的关键,准同生期未白云石化的灰质、膏质为早表生溶蚀孔洞的发育奠定了物质基础,准同生白云石化作用形成的白云岩构成坚固的岩石格架对孔隙起到保护作用。中下寒武统台缘礁滩储集层既有规模,储集层物性又好,是非常现实的勘探对象,而下寒武统肖尔布拉克组台内礁滩储集层和中下寒武统内幕型膏云岩储集层的潜力较好。图9参12

Based on cores, thin sections and drilling data of 18 wells and two outcrop profiles of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, geochemical analysis of multi-parameters in micro-area (the same type of diagenetic minerals formed in different diagenetic events) and reservoir dissolution modeling were carried out to find out the types, origin and distribution of Lower-Middle Cambrian dolomite reservoirs. There develop three types of dolomite reservoirs, margin reef-shoal reservoir, platform interior mound-shoal reservoir and platform interior gypsodolomite reservoir. The rock types include algae dolomite, grain dolomite, and gypsodolomite; the pore types in them include algae framework pores in algae dolomite; intergranular pores, intra-granular dissolved pores, inter-crystalline dissolved pores in grain dolomite and gypsum-dissolved pore gypsodolomite. The primary pores in sediments of reef-shoal facies and gypsodolomite flat are the key to the development of the dolomite reservoirs, some aragonite and calcite are the material basis of dissolution in early supergene stage, and the dolomite formed in penecontemporaneous dolomitization acts as strong rock skeleton to protect the primary pores from destructive effect in burial stage. The margin reef-shoal reservoirs, large in scale and good in physical properties, are the most practical exploration targets; furthermore, the platform interior reef-shoal reservoirs in Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation and platform interior gypsodolomite reservoir in the Middle-Lower Cambrian have higher oil and gas potential.