针对现有微生物碳酸盐岩分类不够系统、岩石类型及组合的环境意义不明确、岩相古地理重建缺乏微生物碳酸盐岩沉积模式指导等科学问题,通过塔里木盆地、四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地2个元古宇剖面和3个显生宇剖面详细的岩类学和岩石组合序列研究,取得3项成果与认识:①建立了构造尺度和形态特征相结合的系统的微生物碳酸盐岩分类方案.②明确了微生物碳酸盐岩岩石类型及组合的环境意义.风暴浪基面之下远端以欠补偿黑色泥岩和硅质岩沉积为主,近端的下斜坡以具丘状结构的纹理石碳酸盐岩和灰泥丘建造为主;风暴浪基面和正常浪基面之间的上斜坡以小—中型泡沫状、团块状凝块石碳酸盐岩和小—中型柱状、锥状、穹窿状叠层石碳酸盐岩建造为主;正常浪基面与平均低潮线之间以大—中型波状叠层石碳酸盐岩建造为主;平均低潮线之上的潮坪环境以大—中型层(席)状微生物碳酸盐岩、丘状微生物碳酸盐岩建造为主.③建立了缓坡沉积体系和镶边沉积体系微生物碳酸盐岩沉积模式.这些认识对微生物碳酸盐岩岩相古地理重建和储层分布预测具重要的指导意义.

In view of the problems that the lack of a systematic microbialites classification, the uncertain of facies significance of different microbialites types and the lack of sedimentary models, this paper made a series of detailed study on petrology and rock assemblage sequence of two Proterozoic profiles and three Phanerozoic profiles in Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos Basins, acquiring three achievements and understanding: (1) Establish a new microbialites classification based on structure scale and morphological characteristics which is more systematic. (2) Make out the facies significance of the microbialites: laminated carbonate is the dominant type below the storm wave base; foamed and crumbed thrombolites, and domed, tapered, columnar stromatolites are mostly developed between storm wave base and normal wave base; wavy stromatolites are mostly developed between normal wave base and average low tidal base; and the lime-mud mound, sheet-like and mound-like microbial carbonates mainly exist in tidal flat environment over the average low tidal base. (3) Establish two microbialite sedimentary models for ramp sedimentary system and rimmed sedimentary system. These understandings are of great significance for reconstruction of lithofacies palaeogeography and prediction of reservoirs distribution of microbial carbonate.