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田洪训,博士,高级工程师,主要从事深水沉积研究。通信地址:310023浙江省杭州市西湖区西溪路920号;E-mail: tianhx_hz@petrochina.com.cn |
Copy editor: 韦东晓
收稿日期: 2025-08-18
修回日期: 2025-09-11
网络出版日期: 2025-11-12
基金资助
“十五五”国家重大专项课题“南海远海构造沉积差异演化与有利凹陷及勘探方向优选”(2025ZD1402705)
中国石油科技专项课题“南海构造演化与沉积充填机制研究”(2024ZZ56-1)
Temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and controlling factors of the Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea
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TIAN Hongxun, PhD, Senior Engineer,mainly engaged in deep-water sedimentary research. Add: No. 920 Xixi Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China. E-mail: tianhx_hz@petrochina.com.cn |
Received date: 2025-08-18
Revised date: 2025-09-11
Online published: 2025-11-12
南海新生代广泛发育的碳酸盐台地蕴含了丰富的油气资源,记录了关键的古气候与古环境信息,对揭示研究区构造演化及沉积响应具有重要的科学意义。基于南海周缘盆地钻井数据、高分辨率地震解译等资料,系统分析南海新生代碳酸盐台地的时空分布特征,探讨古南海俯冲消亡、新南海渐进式扩张及南海西缘走滑断裂体系对应的挤压、伸展和走滑构造背景下的构造古地貌、相对海平面升降、物源供给和古气候等对碳酸盐台地的协同控制作用。研究表明:①根据构造古地貌,南海新生代碳酸盐台地可划分为5大主要台地群,分别为南海北部的东沙台地群、南海西缘的广乐—西沙台地群、南海西南缘的万安—曾西斜坡带台地群、南海南部的南康台地群以及礼乐—巴拉望台地群,整体表现为“形成时间东早西晚、南早北晚,主要发育于中新世”的特征。②南海新生代碳酸盐台地群形成于挤压、伸展和走滑3种构造背景,每一种构造背景下均发育陆架边缘台地和孤立台地。台地分布主要受控于区域构造活动及断裂体系、陆源碎屑供给和相对海平面升降:构造背景与断裂系统奠定了台地的空间展布基础和类型;大型河流—三角洲体系输入的大量陆源碎屑显著抑制陆架边缘台地的生长发育,但对孤立台地影响有限;相对海平面升降通过控制可容纳空间变化,调控生物礁的生长模式、结构演化和空间分布。研究为南海深水油气资源勘探、全球气候变化和海洋圈层“固碳”等领域提供了重要的理论支撑。
田洪训 , 范国章 , 王红平 , 左国平 , 王雪峰 , 杨志力 , 张强 , 张远泽 , 李丽 . 南海新生代碳酸盐台地分布特征及控制因素[J]. 海相油气地质, 2025 , 30(5) : 515 -526 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2025.05.011
The carbonate platforms that have been widely developed in the South China Sea during the Cenozoic Era not only contain abundant oil and gas resources, but also record important paleo-climate and paleo-environmental information, which are of great scientific significance for understanding the regional tectonic evolution and sedimentary responses of the South China Sea(SCS). Based on the drilling data and high-resolution seismic interpretation, this paper systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the Cenozoic carbonate platforms developed in the South China Sea, and also discusses the synergistic controls of tectonic paleogeography, relative sea-level fluctuations, sediment supply, and paleoclimate on the development and distribution of the carbonate platform under compressional, extensional, and strike-slip tectonic settings, corresponding to the subduction and cessation of the Paleo-South China Sea, the progressive expansion of the Neo-South China Sea, and the strike-slip fault system along the western of the SCS. The research reveals that: (1) Based on the tectonic stress conditions, the Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the SCS can be classified into five major platform groups: the Dongsha platform group in the northern SCS, the Guangle-Xisha platform group along the western margin, the Wan′an-Zengxi slope platform group in the southwestern margin, the Luconia platform in the southern margin, and the Liyue-Palawan platform group in the southeastern margin of the SCS, exhibiting a general pattern of "the southern carbonate platforms developed earlier than the north, the eastern carbonate platforms developed earlier than the west, and most of them mainly developed during the Miocene". (2) Based on regional tectonic settings and ocean-continent position variations, the Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the SCS are classified into three types tectonic settings:compressional, extensional, and strike-slip, under each tectonic setting both shelf-margin platforms and isolated platforms are developed. The distribution of the Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the SCS was primarily controlled by regional tectonic activities and fault systems, terrestrial clastic sediment supply, and relative sea level fluctuations. The tectonic setting and fault systems determine the location and basic types of the platforms, the substantial input of terrigenous clastics from large river-delta systems significantly inhibits the development of shelf-margin carbonate platforms, while exerting limited impact on isolated platforms, and the relative sea-level fluctuations control accommodation space changes, thereby regulating the growth patterns, structural evolution, and spatial distribution of biogenic reefs. This study provides critical theoretical support for deep-water hydrocarbon exploration, global climate change research, and oceanic carbon sequestration.
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